Bream farming technology

In order to obtain high yields, breeding clams must be familiar with the habits of clams and the required ecological conditions to understand their effects on cockroaches.

1, the temperature

Cockroaches are temperature-changing animals, and their body temperature changes with changes in the outside environment. Therefore, the dependence of the earthworm on the environment is generally more pronounced than that of the warm-blooded animal. The ambient temperature not only affects the body temperature and activity of the earthworm, but also affects the metabolism, growth and reproduction of the earthworm, etc., and the temperature also has a greater impact on other living conditions. As a result, it indirectly affects èš¯èš“. Therefore, temperature is one of the most important living conditions.

In general, the temperature of the earthworms is in the range of 5-30Â°C, 0-5Â°C goes into dormant state, and below 0Â°C, the most suitable temperature is about 20-27Â°C. At this time, they can grow well and reproduce well. . 28-30 Â°C, can maintain a certain degree of growth; 32 Â°C above the growth stopped; 10 Â°C below the activity dull; 40 Â°C above the death, the best hatching 18-27 Â°C. The highest lethal temperature seen in cockroaches is lower than other invertebrates. The farm is best indoors, in the south, where it is well ventilated and moisturized in the summer. In winter, it is only necessary to keep the window warm to produce the whole year. (The temperature here refers to the temperature of the base material, because the temperature of the air is not the same as the temperature of the base material. For example, when the air temperature is 0Â°C, the temperature of the base material is about 12Â°C; when the air temperature is 38Â°C, the temperature of the base material is only about 28Â°C, because the waste contains extremely high moisture).

2, humidity

There is no special breathing apparatus. It uses the skin to breathe, so the body must be kept moist. If the cockroaches are kept in a dry environment, the skin of the cockroach cannot remain moist for a period of time and thus cannot breathe properly. The cockroach cocoon soon occurs and soon it will die. The water in the body contains a large amount of water, which accounts for more than 75% of body weight. Therefore, preventing water loss is the key to survival. Of course, too much moisture in the soil is also detrimental to the growth and development of earthworms.

There is also a temporary tolerance for unfavorable humidity conditions. In order to wait for survival, they sometimes move into suitable environments through exercise, sometimes through dormancy, diapause, and reduce metabolic intensity to reduce water consumption.

3, pH (PH value)

Earthworms are very sensitive to acids and bases, because parts of the body surface are scattered with chemical receptors that are sensitive to acids, alkalis, etc., and cannot survive in strong acid and alkali environments, but have weak acid and alkali conditions. A certain degree of adaptability. The pupa growth is better in the range of pH 6-8, and the production of fleas is most in the range of pH 7-7.5.

It should be noted here that it is not possible to use strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc., and strong alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and quicklime in order to adjust the pH of the feed. Only the following weak bases and acids can act as neutralizers:

Alkaline neutralizing agent: calcium carbonate, etc.; acidic neutralizing agent: organic acid (acetic acid, citric acid, etc.);

Specific test methods see fly aphid breeding technology content.

4, salinity

Some people have done a trial of tolerance to salinity, and placed William Ring Caterpillars in 0.02%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6% salt solutions, respectively, at 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08. % of the copper sulfate solution was observed for the time of death. The death time of crickets in the solutions with 0.8% salinity and 1.6% salinity was 145 minutes and 52 minutes, respectively. The crickets in the remaining salt solutions did not die for 24 hours and had a certain tolerance. In all four copper sulfate salinity solutions, all of the cockroaches died. The death time was 50 minutes, 76 minutes, 75 minutes, and 57 minutes, respectively. This shows that the copper sulfate solution has a strong poisoning effect on earthworms. Therefore, in the breeding of earthworms, we must pay attention to the influence of salinity on earthworms, especially to prevent the poisoning of some pesticides, chemical fertilizers and other harmful pollutions on earthworms.

5, ventilation

Earthworms breathe by the oxygen that is diffused into the soil through the atmosphere. The better the soil ventilation, the more vigorous its metabolism. Not only spawn more eggs, but also shorten the maturity, so the highest yield of box culture. Because the box can be ventilated on all sides. Earthworms cannot inhabit in environments with large contents of carbon dioxide, methane, fluorine, and hydrogen sulfide. For example, if hydrogen is inhabited in the habitat, the amount of methane is excessive, and paralysis can escape or even cause death. For example, in some places in the north, in order to keep warm, the fires are burned in the quail farms and breeding rooms. Due to the leakage of smoke from the pipes, the crickets are dead. This is because the flue gas contains harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and carbon monoxide. In the feed fermentation process, harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane are generated. When the content of these gases reaches a certain level, they will be poisonous. Tests have proved that when ammonia exceeds 20 parts per million, it will cause the secretion of mucus mucus to increase, and the death of the cluster; when the hydrogen sulfide exceeds 1/15th of a million, the nervous system will die and die. Methane levels above fifteenths will cause blood spills and death. Therefore, the feed should be fully fermented prior to feeding. The best post-fermentation feeds are picked up and left for a while before feeding.

6, light

Although there are no eyes, there are many light cells scattered throughout the body. They are more at the front of the body (the front of the mouth) and at the back. Blue light is irritating to cockroaches, but red light is not. Ultraviolet light is harmful. Therefore, the farm should avoid direct sunlight. It is best to raise and light a red fluorescent lamp indoors.

7, density

Density refers to the number of flaws in a unit area or volume. The size of the culture density will affect the environmental changes to a large extent, and thus have a great impact on the overall yield and cost of earthworms. The density is small. Although the individual survival competition is not fierce, the proliferation ratio of each earthworm is large, but the overall area is large. The multiplication factor is small, the yield is low, the manpower and material costs are high; if the stocking density is too high, due to lack of food, oxygen, etc., the metabolites accumulate too much, causing environmental pollution, crowded living space, leading to survival competition Intensification will slow the weight gain, reduce fertility, spread pests and diseases, increase the mortality rate, and allow survivors to escape. Therefore, mastering the best breeding density is a key to creating the best benefits.

The stocking density of earthworms is closely related to the type of earthworms, breeding period, breeding environment conditions (such as food, breeding methods and containers), and the technical level of management, and the highest stocking density in box-type farming is in an area of â€‹â€‹one square meter. The 25 cm high medium can be stocked at a density of 1.5 to 20 thousand species, hatched to half months of age, and can be stocked with 8-10 million pieces. Half a month to adult can be stocked with 3 to 65,000 pieces. If the breeding density is increased, the normal growth, development and reproduction of the earthworms will be limited, and the yield will be reduced. Therefore, it is an effective measure to increase production by expanding the culture bed, adjusting the culture density, and removing the larvae when breeding quail.

8, food

Food is a long-term and key ecological factor that affects embarrassment. Insufficient food can make the daytime competition fierce, especially in the case of high breeding density, the competition between individuals for food is intensifying, often leading to decreased fertility, spread of pests and diseases, increased mortality, and some escape. The effect of food on delirium is not only reflected in the quantity of food but also in the quality of the food. For example, earthworms that feed on animal dung tend to produce more than ten to hundred times more turns than the same species that feed on roughage (such as weeds); they are rot or fermented, and come from animals. Organic matter is better than vegetative organics; for example, feeding nitrogen-rich foods (such as animal manure) is more conducive to growth and reproduction of alfalfa than foods containing less nitrogen (such as orange straw).

The soil-less culture referred to in this technology is actually a totally sloppy food, and it replaces part of the soil that is not required, reducing a lot of refueling management. The whole tank is full of food, so it can reduce competition and increase the breeding density.

9, natural enemies and diseases

The predatory natural enemies include 1 predatory and parasitic two categories: predatory natural enemies are rodents, birds, poultry, snakes, frogs, ants, cockroaches, spiders, crickets, etc.; parasitic natural enemies are: parasites Classes, parasitic flies, cockroaches, grasshoppers and so on.

Two types of competition: Some animals, although not carnivore predators and parasites, invade the breeding beds and compete for food feeds, compete for space in habitats, and thus cause damage to cockroaches. For example, Termites, Coleoptera, Clostridiidae, Feather, Cryptococcidae, Cockroaches, etc. in the insects, Heteropod, and some non-parasitic fly larvae, nematodes, etc. In the rainy season, snails, slugs, etc. are also present in the breeding grounds.

3 disease, very few diseases of hemorrhoids, the most common is the situation in the acidification of feed (PH value of less than 4), often cause protein poisoning or hyperacidity. The symptoms are: phlegm-like lumps appear in the body, ring belts are red and swollen, body mucus secretion is increased, often crawling on the bed, or drilling to the bottom of the bed without eating, and finally become white and die. Some of the patients died before the intersegmental rupture occurred, and some sacral rupture. According to foreign studies, the acidification of feed is not only the key cause of diseases such as protein poisoning, but also an important cause of insects, bacterial spread, and natural enemies. It is even an important cause of insects, bacterial spread, and natural enemies. Therefore, proper preparation of feed and proper management in the future are extremely important. Control measures: Regularly test PH value to prevent PH value below 6; find poisoning immediately separate wolfberry from acidified feed, rinse with water at 25Â°C, and then place into standard feed.

Preparation and feeding of feed

1, feed digestion and utilization

It has a well-developed digestive system and a strong digestive capacity (this is inseparable from the symbiosis of a large number of microorganisms in the digestive canal to help digestion), so that the feedstuffs eaten by the alfalfa can be fully digested and utilized...

2, the type of feed

Cockroaches mainly feed on decaying organic matter. As long as they are non-toxic, their pH is not too high or too low, and their salinity is not too high, organic matter that can decompose under the influence of microorganisms can be used as feed for alfalfa (however, alfalfa does not normally grow.) Plant organisms). Any organic waste produced from livestock and poultry excrement, brewing, sugar, food, paper, and wood, such as vinasse, bagasse, sawdust, hemp knife, waste paper paddles, edible fungus slag, etc.; garbage, organic waste (such as vegetables) , the remaining meals, rice soup, waste blood, the internal organs of the fish, etc.), as well as insect larvae, eggs, animal corpses, various bacteria, and fungi can be used as feed for alfalfa.

You donâ€™t eat too much sour, alkali, astringent, bitter, or spicy feed. Daping Aishengâ€™s Daping No. 2 has more choices of fermented and decomposed livestock manure, compost, protein, and sugar-rich feed, especially rotten melons. Fruits such as banana peels and sweet scented foods are more likely to be eaten by them. Daily intake of Daping No. 2 is 0.3-1 times of its own body weight.

3, feed formulation

Because different feeds contain different nutrient components and different carbon and nitrogen ratios, different types of feeds have different digestion and absorption rates. Therefore, in order to maintain a good feed, the feed must be scientifically proportioned (commonly known as a recipe) based on the above circumstances. Local materials, waste utilization, reduction of transportation and costs, feed as much as possible, reasonable nutrition, and the use of feed to mix thoroughly after fermentation, improve the maturity and utilization.

Formula Example:

1. 100% of cow dung or 100% of all livestock dung mixed;

2. 20% of cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure, and 40% of rice straw crumb; (Note: Chicken dung needs to be used for raising crickets first or for more than 1 year before it can be used to raise crickets; otherwise crickets will all escape or die. Lost.]

3, corn straw or straw, peanut bar, rape stick single or mixed 40%, pig manure 60%;

4, horse feces 80%, leaves rotten grass 20%;

5, pig manure 60%, sawdust 30%, straw 10%;

6, 70% of organic waste, 30% of livestock manure; 100% of all waste can also be used.

7, 60% of all kinds of feces, bagasse 40%; and so on.

4, feed modulation

1, stock preparation

The prepared litter is crushed.

2. The use amount of gold baby quail feed starter: It should be used at a rate of 500 kg of 1 kg Straw Feed Fermentation Fermented Straw. Pour the starter into warm water (30-35Â°C) and mix thoroughly (in cool water in summer). Mix with the above prepared material and stir with water. Water content is 60%-70%.

3. Add 1Kg multi-dimensional per cubic meter of material. And add flavor 50g.

4. Make the heap The above-mentioned prepared and mixed materials are piled into a 40-50 cm high, long random material pile, and a thermometer is put on it to cover the insulation warm material to make it fermented.

5, temperature-controlled summer general fermentation of 6-8 hours, room temperature 15 degrees Celsius in the winter, you need to ferment 16-24 hours, if the room temperature is less than 15 degrees Celsius, should try to increase temperature to reach 15 degrees Celsius or more.

6. Topple over When the temperature reaches 42 degrees Celsius to tip over, remember not to exceed 45 degrees Celsius to prevent excessive fermentation deterioration. The whole process was tipped over twice, when the straw powder gradually turned yellow and aroma spilled marked that the fermentation was completed. At this point the cover should be removed and the bulk temperature reduced to prevent the third fermentation from heating up.

2 feed pH adjustment and nutrient addition.

After the feed is fermented, the PH value is tested (the pH of the feces fed with the gold baby èš¯èš“ feed starter will naturally drop to 6.5-7.5 without adjustment).èš¯èš“ The feed generally requires a suitable PH value of 6-7.5, but many animal and plant wastes The pH is usually higher or lower than this value. For example: The pH of the animal waste is 7.5-9.5, so the pH of the quail feed should be adjusted appropriately to make it near neutral to suit the growth of the fleas.

When the PH value exceeds 9, you can use acetic acid, vinegar, or citric acid as a buffering agent. When added, 0.01-1% (by weight) of the weight of the feed can be used to adjust the PH value to 6-7, and the added amount is too small. The effect is not great; however, more than 1% results in a sharp drop in the rate of calving.

When the feed pH is 7-9, 0.01-0.5% (by weight) of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used to adjust the feed pH to 6-7.

However, it must not exceed 0.5%, otherwise it will also lead to a decline in the production of antimony. When the pH of the feed is 6 or less, clear lime water may be added to adjust the pH of the feed to 6-7.

The ratio of feed sciences is the most effective way to increase the production of aquaculture.

Modulate and add nutrients to promote food quality:

Taking one cubic meter of base material as an example, take 100 kg of water, add 2 kg of urea, 4 bottles of vinegar, 5 grams of saccharin, and 4 caps of pineapple flavor. Mix and dissolve in water. Take 50 kg of water and pour on the base material. Another 50 kilograms of water is poured on the base material and can be used within two days.

In the past, it was also known that urea could be a source of nitrogen for helium, but the amount added was limited to 0.01-0.2% (by weight). With acetic acid and other methods to adjust the pH, the amount of urea added can be increased to 1%, which creates better conditions for the use of nitrogen-deficient feed. For aquaculture, for example, 1 gram of urea is equivalent to 2.88 grams of protein. This finding provides a strong guarantee for accelerating the growth and yield of alfalfa. In addition, this technology adds citric acid, essence, and saccharin to the quail's feed, and the wolfberry's feed is formulated into the most delicious and fruity sweetness of quail. Since then, wolfberry has not only escaped from it, but has not eaten as well, and its food intake has doubled. This greatly accelerates the growth rate and increases the output.

5. We adopt the method of adding feed and side feeding method to feed the feed. The method of adding feed is to spread the feed cover on the feed that has been eaten by the cockroach every 10 to 15 days. The side feed method is to remove the feed. After the finished feed, add the new feed to the side and add the other side next time. For details, please contact: Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd.