Broccoli is also known as broccoli and broccoli. It is a famous vegetable introduced from abroad in recent years. It uses fattened and shortened stems and buds as edible parts. Its nutritional value is twice as high as that of white cauliflower, and its texture is crisp. Flavor fragrance.
ã€Choose good seed, timely sowing】
The suitable growth temperature of broccoli is between 16～22°C, and the wide temperature range (5～35°C can grow) during vegetative growth. Generally, the daily average temperature below 25°C is required for budding period, if the flower buds develop at high temperature (above 30°C), it will cause too fast twitching, low yield and poor flower bulb quality. Therefore, the selection of disease-resistant and heat-resistant varieties and scientific scheduling of planting time is the key to success or failure of summer sowing.
ã€Cultivate strong seedlings, suitable age transplanting】
Cultivation of broccoli in the summer is in the hot and rainy season, and cultivating strong seedlings is the key. You can use nutritious bags or nutritious soil to raise seedlings. The nutrition bag (or soil group) is calculated at 3,300 to 3,500 667m2 per field, and its formula is 600 to 700kg of fertile paddy soil, 30 to 40kg of husk ash, and 80 to 100kg of pig cattle barn after decomposed fermentation. Compound fertilizer (preferably N:P:K=21:6:13 for compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate) 0.5-1.0kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 3kg, lime powder 2kg, and 15% xymetramide 450 times (or The soil was disinfected with quintozene (nitrochlorobenzene), and the mixture was sealed with a plastic film for about 10 days after stirring. Before sowing, use 8cm10cm seedling bags to fill in the nutrient soil (or print it into nutritious soil), and then sow 1 seed per 1 soil bag (or soil), cover it with sifting and burning earth and miscellaneous fertilizer, and build a greenhouse. Cover with a shade net with a 65% shade. Seedling stage to strengthen fertilizer management, seedling age 25 to 30 days (4 leaves 1 heart ~ 5 leaves 1 heart) for transplanting.
ã€Selection of deep plowing, adequate base fertilizer】
According to the growth characteristics of broccoli and its requirements for environmental conditions, planting areas should be selected for paddy soils with an altitude of 800m above sea level, deep soil layer, high organic matter content, good irrigation and drainage conditions, and strong water retention and fertility and moderate sand adhesion. Formerly planted cabbage fields. Southern mountainous soils are mostly acidic. About 1 month before planting, lime powder (1500-2000kg) should be applied per hm2, combined with deep-turning whitening, and deep plowing thickness of 30-35cm. Basal fertilizer is applied in full layer 10 to 15 days before transplanting, and 15,000 to 25,000 kg of fecal calf fermented per hectare is used per hm2, 2000 to 3000 kg of plant ash, or 500 to 600 kg of ternary compound fertilizer containing potassium sulphate, calcium magnesium phosphate 200～300kg. Broccoli has a large demand for trace elements. Therefore, regardless of whether fertilizer or organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 30 kg of borax should be applied to each hm2 to meet its growth and development needs.
ã€Sorghum cultivation, reasonable close planting】
Broccoli is a kind of crop that is very warm and afraid of hot, hi wet and fear of immersion. In order to increase the utilization of light energy, increase soil permeability, and improve the microclimate in the field, we must emphasize the cultivation of sorghum and plant close plants. In particular, the annual rainfall in the southern mountainous areas is 1800-2000mm, and it is more special to adopt deep sorghum cultivation. In general, the width of the ditch is 1.1 to 1.2m, the height of the clam is 25 to 30cm, and the ditch around the ditch and the waist of the field are required to be 50 to 60cm deep, so that the ditch can communicate with each other and be easy to fill and drain. Goldman Sachs, Pakistan Green, Pearl Green, etc. are early varieties of broccoli, is conducive to dense planting, general spacing 50 ~ 60cm, spacing 35 ~ 40cm, planting 2800 ~ 3200 per 667m2. Use nutrient bag seedlings to be carefully removed during the transplanting nutrition bag, using shallow point transplanting method, hole depth 5 ~ 8cm, species too deep, the stem base is poor ventilation, easy to induce blight.
[strengthen field management]
1. Reasonably top-dressing broccoli usually takes 4 top dressings. Transplanting survival after the application of manure, can be used 10% to 15% of the dilute human urine pouring; the first two and three times after transplanting 15 to 18 days, 25 to 28 days, with urea 75 per hm2 90kg, potassium chloride 60kg; the fourth time in the 37 ~ 40 days after transplanting, this time has entered the rosette period, is about to bud, is the need for large water and big fertilizer period, it is necessary to timely reapply bud fertilizer, to promote rapid bud growth, Each hm2 can be used potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 300 ~ 350kg, in the base 15 ~ 20cm away from the base of the stem deep application (has been inconvenient for the closure of the use of pouring), timely application of bauxite cover, and irrigation wet soil, so that the fertilizer dissolved absorption . In order to promote the robust growth of plants and improve the yield of flower bulbs, double-effect micro fertilizer, spray pumping, plant power 2003 and other foliar fertilizers can be used, and they can be sprayed once at the seedling stage, vigorous growth stage, and budding stage.
2. Science irrigation broccoli should be nursed after transplanting, conditional coverage of shade to improve the survival rate. Appropriate control of water after survival, is advantageous for deep rooting. In the middle and late stages of growth, the amount of water is large, and in summer, the water evaporates quickly. In case of drought, the water should be watered every evening, or once every 3 days or so, to keep the soil moist. The surface should be covered with rice straw or weeds to reduce water evaporation. . At the same time, typhoon torrential rain is frequent from July to September, and it is necessary to clear the gutters in a timely manner to meet the requirement of no water accumulation in the ditch.
3. The cultivating field broccoli should be cultivated by cultivating soil 1 to 2 times before closing the line. After the line is closed, cultivators are no longer cultivated, but weeds have to be removed by hand. After the typhoon storm, timely soil loosening should be performed to prevent soil compaction, increase soil permeability, and promote root growth. Loose soil should be dominated by shallow oysters. Be careful not to damage the root system.
ã€Timely Pest Control】
1. Bacterial damping-off and damping-off are the main diseases during seedling stage. Blasting disease can be controlled by 58% metalaxyl Mn-Zn or 500% liquid or 64% anti-virus 500 times liquid spray. Bacterial disease can be used 20% chlorhexidine EC 1200 times or 15% Chlortetracycline 450 times, or 70% dexamethasone 1000 times, when the initial seedlings spray control.
2. The three diseases of bacterial soft rot, black rot, and black spot are bacterial diseases, and they are also the main diseases in the off-season cultivation. The flower buds begin to differentiate into susceptible period. In the early stage of disease, 75% of streptomycin for agricultural use is used for 1000 times, or 70% of them can be sprayed to prevent 800 times of spraying. When the disease is severe, the above drugs are used alternately every 5 to 7 days. Spray once, continuous medication 2 or 3 times, the disease can be effectively controlled.
3. Insect pest control mainly includes aphids, diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, beet armyworm, etc., biological pesticides Bt500-800 times can be used (when the population density is high, a small amount of pyrethroid pesticides can be added, but can not be mixed with fungicides). Or use 40% of Loxen 1000 times, 2.5% of 2000 times of kungfu inulin 2000 times, 21% of the killing and 3000 times of killing and other drug spray control.
ã€Timely harvesting】
The broccoli flower ball grows to 12~15cm. The buds have not been loosened yet. The whole flower bulb remains firm and in good condition. When it is bright green, it is suitable for harvesting. During the anti-season broccoli harvest, the temperature is relatively high, the harvesting period is short, and the quality of export products is strict. The harvest must be carried out in batches and in a timely manner. It is required to harvest before 9 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. 4 to 5 pieces were cut down and sent to the acquisition point for processing and refrigeration. After harvesting, Daejeon applied 1500-2000kg of human waste every 667m2 to promote the growth of lateral buds (commonly known as secondary flowers) at the base of axillary buds, which can be harvested continuously for 2 to 3 times.
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