[China Pharmaceutical Network Industry News] Researchers from Rockefeller University in the United States published a new research progress in the international academic journal science, they found a key regulatory factor that can help the "extinction" RNA polymerase restart, this The discovery will help explain further how some new cancer treatments work on cells and provide important information for future drug development.
There are approximately 20,000 genes in the human genome, but not all genes are consistently expressed in various cell types. In either case, a cell will only express about half of the gene as a protein. Of these activated genes, 75% of the genes are regulated by the "RNA polymerase pause" process. This important way of regulating genes occurs when RNA polymerase is located at the start of the gene for transcription. This process is like an athlete waiting for the start signal at the start of the track, the transcription machine is ready to launch, but still waiting for a formal signal.
The human body is composed of more than 200 different cell types, and different cell types can be distinguished by the specificity of gene expression. The genes expressed by skin cells are very different from those of neuronal cells, and the genes activated by healthy cells are also very different from those of leukemia cells.
Since gene regulation is so important, cells need to use intricate multi-step processes to control the transmission of genetic information from DNA to proteins. RNA polymerase II is a molecular machine at the earliest stage of the process that transcribes DNA information into RNA along gene runs and then translates it into protein.
About 10 years ago, RNA polymerase II was found to have a pause at the start of the gene.
In this latest study, the team tried to discover new regulators that release the polymerase in a pause state. As a result, they found a complex called PAF1C consisting of six proteins, and this complex has a very important role in promoting the initiation of polymerase emission.
Researchers say that in the past, PAF1C was thought to play a role in the later stages of the transcription process, but the study found that this complex played a new role in the very early stages of the transcription process. The researchers lowered the level of PAF1C in the cells and found that RNA polymerase II was not able to release normally and would remain paused at the start of the gene.
It has been shown that prolonged pause time has a very significant effect on gene expression. Ming Yu, the co-first author of the article, said: "We found that lowering the level of PAF1C resulted in a pause in more than 5,000 genes, which in turn led to a significant change in the expression levels of many genes."
This work has important implications for understanding how genes are regulated. Some of the most promising cancer treatments currently in clinical use, especially for specific types of leukemia, are key regulators of inhibition of the polymerase suspension process. Come to work. This study therefore provides new insights into how these inhibitors work, as well as providing an important scientific basis for the development of new cancer treatments.
There are approximately 20,000 genes in the human genome, but not all genes are consistently expressed in various cell types. In either case, a cell will only express about half of the gene as a protein. Of these activated genes, 75% of the genes are regulated by the "RNA polymerase pause" process. This important way of regulating genes occurs when RNA polymerase is located at the start of the gene for transcription. This process is like an athlete waiting for the start signal at the start of the track, the transcription machine is ready to launch, but still waiting for a formal signal.
The human body is composed of more than 200 different cell types, and different cell types can be distinguished by the specificity of gene expression. The genes expressed by skin cells are very different from those of neuronal cells, and the genes activated by healthy cells are also very different from those of leukemia cells.
Since gene regulation is so important, cells need to use intricate multi-step processes to control the transmission of genetic information from DNA to proteins. RNA polymerase II is a molecular machine at the earliest stage of the process that transcribes DNA information into RNA along gene runs and then translates it into protein.
About 10 years ago, RNA polymerase II was found to have a pause at the start of the gene.
In this latest study, the team tried to discover new regulators that release the polymerase in a pause state. As a result, they found a complex called PAF1C consisting of six proteins, and this complex has a very important role in promoting the initiation of polymerase emission.
Researchers say that in the past, PAF1C was thought to play a role in the later stages of the transcription process, but the study found that this complex played a new role in the very early stages of the transcription process. The researchers lowered the level of PAF1C in the cells and found that RNA polymerase II was not able to release normally and would remain paused at the start of the gene.
It has been shown that prolonged pause time has a very significant effect on gene expression. Ming Yu, the co-first author of the article, said: "We found that lowering the level of PAF1C resulted in a pause in more than 5,000 genes, which in turn led to a significant change in the expression levels of many genes."
This work has important implications for understanding how genes are regulated. Some of the most promising cancer treatments currently in clinical use, especially for specific types of leukemia, are key regulators of inhibition of the polymerase suspension process. Come to work. This study therefore provides new insights into how these inhibitors work, as well as providing an important scientific basis for the development of new cancer treatments.
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