Daejeon's common nursery is to use the parent plantlets on the stems of the mother plants to grow in situ. The daughter plants do not leave the mother plant until the strawberries are transplanted out of the nursery field. Daejeon's characteristics of ordinary nursery: Relatively low investment in facilities and low technical requirements are conducive to large-scale and mechanized production. However, weeds, diseases and pests are prone to occur in high temperature and high humidity areas in the south.
1. Preparation for nursery fields
After the nursery plots are selected, deep-turning and freezing can be done before winter, and on the one hand, some pathogens and pests can be eliminated, and on the other hand, it is beneficial to loosen the soil. Before the strawberries are planted in spring, adequate basal fertilizer should be applied, 30 kg of superphosphate per mu, 3,000-5,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or 100 kg of cooked rapeseed cake, and 5 kg of phoxim 0.5 kg applied at the same time. Remove underground pests. In combination with Shi Jianfei, once again deep-turned the land, leveling the ground. After cultivating the mash, the rakes are made 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide, 10 to 20 centimeters high, and 20 to 30 centimeters wide. At the same time, it is necessary to open the trenches around the plots, so as to allow drainage and dry irrigation. In areas where conditions permit, automatic sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation devices can be used to moisturize the surface of the soil. Straw saplings provide suitable growth conditions.
2. Selection and colonization of mother plants
(1) Selection of mother plants. The selection of mother plants directly affects the number and quality of saplings. Select a robust plant with the typical traits of the variety, ie, a stem with a new stem diameter of 1 cm or more, a well-developed root system, a normal leaf color, symmetrical lobule, and no pests. If conditions permit, it is best to choose the virus-free seedlings, first-row seedlings or second-row seedlings as the parent strains for reproduction and production. (2) Breeding of virus-free seedlings: Cultivation and application of virus-free strawberry seedlings is the most effective way to suppress the degradation of strawberry's excellent characteristics caused by viral infection. It can not only improve the resistance of strawberry plants, but also effectively reduce the use of pesticides and produce The high-quality green fruits make the strawberry productive and stable, and it can effectively protect the ecological environment and accelerate the progress of the demonstration and promotion of strawberry fine varieties. (3) Planting period: The planting period of the mother plant can be planted in the fall or in the spring. (4) Density and method of colonization: The colonization density of the nursery depends on the ability of the species to sow the stem, the soil fertility and the management level. In terms of species, Saga fragrant, fragrant, sweet Charlie and other varieties of stems have a strong ability to pick up the stems, and the density at the time of colonization can be smaller, while the red stems and Zhang Ji and other species have weaker ability to pick stems, and they are planted. The density can be larger.
3, after the parent plant colonization management
After the mother plant is planted, it is necessary to fill enough water in time, and water it once again the next day. Afterwards, the small water ground irrigation keeps the soil moist to the live plant of the strawberry plant. After the mother plant survives, it applies a urea and applies urea once every 15-20 days. The application amount should not be too high, so as not to cause burning of seedlings. Fertilizers can be applied directly to the mother plants at around 10 kg per mu without the need of whole garden application. The fertilization should be controlled before the rain, or it can be poured. The concentration of 0.2% to 0.3% is appropriate.
4. Management of seedlings: After the stems of the mother plant were sown, adventitious roots began to occur in the second section of the stem, and they were plunged into the soil to form seedlings. In order to cultivate healthy seedlings, the following points must be made during the seedling propagation:
(1) Stem picking: After the mother plant begins to pick the stem, it is necessary to check it regularly to straighten the stem plantlets in time, and pull the stems that are too close to each other so that the seedlings are distributed as evenly as possible to ensure that they are adequate. living space. For the stolons that are later cultivated, because the seedlings are of a short duration and it is difficult to form strong seedlings, they should be cut off in time to reduce field canopy closure and ensure the healthy growth of early seedlings.
(2) Pressure vines in a timely manner: The growth of the stolons firstly grows upwards at the initial stage, and when they reach the height of the foliage, they grow downwards. In order to make the adventitious roots on the even stems of the stem grow into the soil in time, the squash should be crushed when the seedlings have the second unfolding leaf. The approach is to press the stems of the newly sown seedlings in front of the mud, and it is necessary to pay attention to it. It cannot be broken.
(3) Controlling the number of seedlings: In order to cultivate good seedlings, it is very important to control the number of seedlings of the strawberry according to the characteristics of different strawberry varieties and the density of the mother plants. The number of seedlings per mu is controlled at 30,000 to 35,000. About the right strain.
(4) Soil, fertilizer, and water management: Before the stolons are pumped, weeds are used for cultivating and the soil is loosened to allow rooting and growth of the stem saplings. After the seedlings are injected into the soil, a 0.2% to 0.3% compound fertilizer is poured every 15 to 20 days. If the seedlings grow weak, 0.2% to 0.3% of the urea water can be poured. After the beginning of August, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is stopped. About 0.2% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers promote flower bud differentiation. Moisture management should master the principle of keeping the soil moist instead of collecting water. When the rainy season arrives, attention should be paid to drainage and flood prevention. In particular, in the high temperature season after the rain in the south, water management must be strengthened, drainage should be timely drained, and shading nets can be used to cool down when necessary. In order to avoid high temperature and high humidity burn the seedlings.
(5) Diseases, Insects and Weeds Harnessing: During the period of strawberry seedlings breeding, the disease, insects, and weeds should be treated well.
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