Practice has proved that chemical fertilizers have the effect of greatly increasing the output of crops. However, some farmers blindly increase the amount of fertilizer for the pursuit of high yields, and the more fertilizers are applied, the more soil pollution results, and the output is hard to increase. Why?
It is estimated that after applying chemical fertilizers to the soil, phosphorus can only use about 13%, nitrogen is about 25%, and potassium is about 40%. In other words, nearly 80 kg of fertilizer per 100 kg of fertilizer applied to the soil is not absorbed by the crop.
The main reasons for the low utilization rate of chemical fertilizers are as follows: First, a large number of chemical fertilizers are applied for a long time, the degree of soil acidification is intensified, and harmful heavy metals exceed the standards, thus restricting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements. The second is unreasonable fertilization habits, such as one-time application of a large number of compound fertilizers. Since the compound fertilizer contains nitrogen, the fertilization at the seedling stage can not reach the root system, otherwise it will cause burning of seedlings. At this time, it is the period of phosphorus needed, but phosphorus The mobility of the elements in the soil is small, causing phosphorus deficiency during seedling growth. The peak of nitrogen release is about 15 days after it is applied to the soil, and it will become less and less afterwards. Nitrogen deficiency will occur in the later stages of the crop.
There are four important periods for maize to be fat: First, in the 3-leaf stage, it is the critical period for phosphorus. During this period, the absorption rate of phosphorus determines the ear row number of corn. The second is the small bell-mouth period, that is, when the vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand, it is the critical period of nitrogen requirement. The shortage of nitrogen fertilizer will affect the corn production. The third is the large bell-mouth period, which requires a large amount of nutrients and is the maximum efficiency period for maize to absorb fertilizer. The fourth is the heading period, when spit tassels can not prematurely decline, this time the supply of nitrogen will increase the number of ears of corn. Therefore, to produce high yields of corn, it is necessary to do a good job of fertilizing on-demand four key periods. At present, most of the seeds are seeded in the same place, and the distance between seeds and fertilizers is generally 5-8 cm. If quick-effect corn special fertilizers (mostly high-nitrogen compound fertilizers) are applied, it will easily lead to burning of the roots at the third leaf stage of the corn, and later it will take off. fat. If controlled-release fertilizer is applied, nitrogen fertilizer may be insufficiently released during the 6th leaf stage of maize, and yellow seedling appears. This period is the critical period of nitrogen, which will lead to a reduction in production, and most of the controlled-release fertilizers also have insufficient supply of nitrogen at the later stage.
In addition, we must change the fertilization habits: First, the application of high quality controlled release fertilizer. Second, increase the amount of organic fertilizer. Third, to separate fertilization, the first 50% of the total amount of fertilizer is applied to the soil before ploughing, and the remaining 50% is sowed into the soil with the seed. No fertilizer or a small amount of topdressing is required in the later period to meet the demand for high-yield corn.
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