Brooding is the key to raising chickens. The quality of chickens is a key part of chicken production. It not only affects the growth and survival rate of chicks, but also affects the production performance, thus affecting economic efficiency. Therefore, it must be targeted at chicks. The physiological characteristics, take appropriate measures, do a good job of feeding and management of chicks, in order to improve the survival rate of chicks and better improve the production performance of chickens.
1 Preparation before brooding
1.1 Maintenance of the brooding house and preparation and disinfection of brooding utensils: 1 week before the chickling, the brooding house should be repaired and prepared for brooding utensils: feed trays, feeding troughs, drinking fountains, etc., and be thoroughly cleaned and then used. Marin and potassium permanganate fumigation disinfection for 24 hours (per cubic meter of space with a ratio of 15g potassium permanganate and 30ml formalin is appropriate), and finally with 100 poison and other disinfection drugs for thorough disinfection and use.
1.2 Preparation of feeds, drugs and vaccines: Before brooding, prepare chicks of different ages with good nutrition, easy digestion and good palatability, commonly used brooding drugs (such as norfloxacin, etc.) and disinfectants (such as 100 toxins, etc.). And all the vaccines involved in the immunization process (such as the Marek's disease vaccine, etc.).
1.3 Preheating brooding sheds: The henhouse starts warming up and preheating for 1 to 3 days (normally 1 day in summer, 2 days in spring, and 3 days in winter) before entering the chicks, so that the indoor temperature reaches about 32°C. When testing temperature, in order to avoid contamination of sterilized houses and utensils, strict compliance with the requirements of hygiene and epidemic prevention shall be carried out.
2 Guarantee the quality of chicks
The quality of chicks is directly related to the growth and development of chickens, survival rate and production performance, affecting the feeding effect, so when entering the chicks should be strict quality control, try to choose healthy chicks, the weak chicks or broken chicks early eliminated.
3 Creating an environment suitable for growing chicks
3.1 Temperature: The function of a chick to regulate body temperature is not yet perfect, its ability to adapt to the external environment is poor, its disease resistance is weak, its immune function is poor, it is susceptible to disease, and it is sensitive to changes in temperature. The appropriate temperature is the primary condition for broiler chicks and must be strictly controlled. If the temperature is too low or changes too much, it is not conducive to the growth and development of the chicks. Whether the brooding temperature is suitable or not can be judged by the state of the chicks. The temperature is appropriate, the chicks are lively and lively, the sound of calling is swift, the drinking water is moderate, the head is stretched and the legs are relaxed when sleeping, the squeezing is not extinguished, and the brooding is not spread too far; the temperature is low and the chicks gather Around the heat source, crowded piles, seldom eat, cry; the temperature is too high, chicks away from heat, open mouth, irritability, drinking water increased significantly.
3.2 Humidity: Humidity has a great influence on the growth and development of chicks, especially for chicks of about 1 week of age. If the humidity is too low, the chicks will be dehydrated and the yolk will be poorly absorbed. If the humidity is too high, the chicks will suffer from loss of appetite and be prone to diarrhea or even death. Practice has proved that the relative humidity in the early brooding period is higher than that in the later period. The main reason is that the indoor temperature during the early brooding period is relatively high and the water evaporates quickly. At this time, the relative humidity should be higher. Under normal circumstances, in the early stages of brooding, there is often a situation where the humidity is too small, causing the chicks to drink frequently, with dry legs and fragile hairs. At this time, the best measure to take is to disinfect the chicken spray or place enough water trays to increase the humidity, and gradually reduce the humidity as the chicks grow.
3.3 Light: Suitable light can promote chicks to eat, drink and exercise, which is conducive to the growth and development of chicks and achieve rapid weight gain. In production practice, natural light is combined with incandescent light to supply light. The principle of controlling incandescent light supply is: the best 24-hour light in the first 3 days, 15-hour light from the 3rd day to 2 weeks old, and thereafter The gradual transition to natural light occurs after 2 hours of decrement. Natural light is applied 4 weeks later to prevent the light from being excessively active.
3.4 Ventilation: Ventilation is to eliminate foul air in the house, especially toxic and harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Good ventilation can keep the air in the brood room fresh. It also helps to regulate the temperature and humidity in the room, which is conducive to the health and growth of the chicks. Ventilation is mainly based on the age, season and weather of the chicks. Production practices can be adjusted by opening and closing the doors and windows, but it is necessary to prevent thieves from entering the room.
3.5 Density: A reasonable rearing density can provide chicks with equal opportunities for drinking and eating, which will help improve evenness and prevent chicks from licking and licking. If the density is too small, the use of the house is low, resulting in waste; if the density is too high, it will cause mutual crowding, air pollution, inconsistent feeding and drinking water, etc., which will lead to growth obstruction and spread of the disease.
3.6 Full-in, all-out system: From the beginning of brooding to the end of the brooding period, the animals are always kept in the same henhouse, and at the same time they are bred and hatched at the same time. That is, one hen house is of the same age. Adopting all-in and all-out system is beneficial to the growth and development of chickens, epidemic prevention, and disease prevention.
4 Chicken rearing management
4.1 Sanitization: Disinfection tanks should be set up at entrances and exits of chicken houses to ensure strict disinfection of chickens in and out of the house to prevent chicken disease. The simplest method is to put a certain amount of disinfectant in a plastic pot on the entrance of the chicken house, and clean the broiler house daily and disinfect it with chicken spray.
4.2 To ensure clean drinking water: It is an important part of improving the survival rate of chicks to provide enough clean drinking water. During the production, it is recommended to supply chicks with drinking water in the following manner: The chicks are fed warm boiled water (about 25°C) within one week of age, and appropriate glucose, 0.1% vitamin C and antibacterial drugs are added to the water, and the amount is 1-2 hours. The degree of completion; 1 week after the direct feeding clean tap water, cleaning and disinfecting the water dispenser once a day.
4.3 Feeding methods: The chicken has a strong metabolism, fast growth and development, but has a small stomach volume and weak digestion. Therefore, it has a high requirement for feed. It should be based on the feeding standards of different chicken breeds, combined with the local feed resources to properly formulate a comprehensive nutritional value, price Cheap feed for chicks to eat. Generally, the chicks begin to eat water after hatching, and the appropriate amount of soaked granules is used to allow chicks to feed freely, so as to ensure that there is sufficient feed. After 1 week, 1% to 2% of grits and appropriate amounts are mixed in the feed. The green and blue material helps digestion. Doing less feeding Tim to prevent feed spoilage, feeding tray, feeding trough daily cleaning, disinfection once.
4.4 Timely deterrence: The purpose of debridement is to prevent the waste of feed and cockroaches by the picky eater. Generally, the chick is first cut off at the age of 1 week and corrected once at the age of 2 weeks. Prevention of bleeding and infection during severance, supplementation of vitamin K and multi-vitamins in the feed 2 days before severing, is beneficial to coagulation, and can be fed with 0.02% norfloxacin mix after severing.
4.5 Reinforce dejecta: chicken manure easily decomposes under high temperature conditions to produce a large amount of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, which is not conducive to the growth and development of the chicks. In order to ensure the health of the chicks, it is necessary to do a good job of removing feces and keep the house air fresh.
4.6 Comprehensive Preventive Measures
4.6.1 Scientific immunization: Immunization is an effective means to prevent chicken infectious diseases. In the brooding stage, it should be strictly operated. Generally, a set of immune procedures suitable for chickens should be established to ensure the quality of inoculation according to the local (actual) conditions. The main vaccinations include: Marek's Disease Vaccine, new, double-joint vaccine, chicken Newcastle disease H-type vaccine, infectious bursal disease vaccine, chickenpox attenuated vaccine, chicken Newcastle disease I line seedlings and so on.
4.6.2 Epidemic prevention: The common diseases in young chicks are white psoriasis, coccidiosis, and Newcastle disease in chickens. This should be combined with the use of pharmaceutical science for prevention. Generally within 2 weeks, it focuses on preventing white feathers, and focuses on coccidiosis within 2 to 8 weeks. Usually pay attention to strict disinfection, and to ensure that outsiders will not be allowed to enter and leave the sheds, diligent cleaning every day to ensure that the environment of chicken coops clean and sanitary; utensils should be washed and regularly disinfected.
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