Cucumber downy mildew is a dangerous disease that is more common in cucumber cultivation. It has the characteristics of rapid spread, short incubation period, ferocious and severe damage. Low temperature and high humidity are the key factors for the occurrence and prevalence of downy mildew. Cultivated cucumber is cultivated in protected areas, and its growth environment is more conducive to the occurrence of the disease. In the process of prevention and control, vegetable farmers often have poor awareness of disease prevention and control, and use pesticides later, rely solely on chemical drugs, and do not cooperate with other methods, even indiscriminate use of drugs and pharmaceuticals, and there is no awareness of green drug use, resulting in the production of cucumbers and pesticides. The residue is seriously overweight and threatens people's body. Next, I will introduce pollution-free control techniques for cucumber downy mildew in protective fields.
First, choose disease-resistant, high-yield, high-quality varieties
For example, Jinyou No.3, Zhongnong No.5, Zhongnong No.7, Jinza No.2, No.4, Jinchun No.2, No.3, Jiha No.1, and Bichun can be selected.
Second, cultivating and selecting disease-free guava
Nursery and production of two greenhouses should be separated to avoid infection during seedling stage. Warming seedling nursery due to high temperature at night, low humidity, non-condensing and rarely disease. Seedlings found at the seedling stage should be removed immediately. Strictly check when planting seedlings to prevent pathogens from entering greenhouses and plastic greenhouses.
Third, to strengthen the cultivation and management, disease prevention and disease resistance
The purpose of management is to inhibit the occurrence and development of germs to protect and promote the growth of cucumbers. This requires people to find ways to create an ecological environment conducive to the growth of the cucumber and not conducive to the occurrence and development of germs to ensure its high quality and high yield.
1. Grafting and disease prevention
Grafting disease prevention can be used Yunnan black seed pumpkin as rootstock, high-quality cucumber varieties for scion, the use of growth points, such as grafting method of grafting, grafting. The grafted cucumber has the functions of disease resistance, yield increase, and low temperature resistance, and it can also prevent disease when it is resistant to cucumber downy mildew. Under the condition of no damage, the total yield can be increased by 40% to 90% compared with grafted cucumber and non-grafted cucumber.
2. Scientific fertilizing watering
When fertilizing, it is necessary to pay attention to adequately decomposed organic fertilizer, generally 1000 kg/mu, and the quick-acting fertilizer is preferably carried out with watering, and attention should be paid to the proper combination of N, P, and K to avoid partial application of N fertilizer. Watering is best done with drip irrigation or membrane irrigation. The former has the advantage of water-saving, which does not easily increase the humidity in the shelter. The latter plastic film can not only increase the ground temperature, but also reduce the loss of soil water, reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and reduce the occurrence of diseases. It is necessary to avoid watering the open ditch and watering the cloudy and rainy days. Watering is best carried out on a sunny day. Immediately after irrigation, the temperature in the shed is raised. The shed temperature is increased to about 32°C for 1 hour. At 25°C, the temperature of the shed is raised again. The effect is excellent.
3. Promptly release moisture and control temperature and humidity
This method is a means of ecological control of cucumber downy mildew in protective fields, that is, by controlling the temperature and humidity in the shed to create an unfavorable environment for propagation and infestation of pathogens, but it can ensure the normal growth and development of cucumber, in order to inhibit the cucumber cream. The effect of mildew is as follows: In the morning, the air is released for 1 hour, then the closed room is warmed. In the morning, the temperature was increased to 28-32°C, which not only facilitates the assimilation of cucumber, but also inhibits the occurrence of downy mildew. However, the temperature should not exceed 35°C. If the temperature exceeds 35°C, the temperature will be released in time. After releasing the air in the afternoon, the temperature dropped to 20 to 25°C and the humidity dropped to 60% to 70%. Although the temperature is suitable for the growth of pathogens, low humidity strictly controls the growth and development of downy mildew. If the temperature is lower than 18 °C to close the shed to warm up, to the evening and then release the wind for about 3 hours, and then close the shed. The nighttime temperature can be controlled at 12~13°C. If the humidity is too high, the night wind can be released. When the temperature exceeds 13°C, the air can be ventilated overnight, with the exception of strong winds or rain.
4. Supplemental carbon dioxide
The addition of CO2 to seedbeds has a significant effect on the formation of strong seedlings and the reduction of seedling age. Application of CO2 after planting and seedlings is beneficial to the formation of a robust assimilation absorber tube, and production of CO2 is generally increased by 10% to 20%, and can also enhance cucumber seedlings. Downy mildew and other disease resistance. Specific methods: CO2 can be added in early spring and autumn, and hydrochloric acid reacts with quicklime to produce CO2, which can produce CaCl2, CO2, and H2O. Generally, if the CO2 concentration in each mu of greenhouse reaches 1050ppm, hydrochloric acid (concentrated) is 8.020kg, calcium carbonate (96%) is 4.536kg, hydrochloric acid is diluted 1:1 with water, and is evenly packed in five containers. The weighed quick lime was crushed and then divided into five equal parts and placed in a container holding hydrochloric acid, which was hung 1.5 meters from the ground.
5. Enhance lighting and increase photosynthesis of plants
The use of a non-dropping film to remove dust inside and outside the shed is timely. The installation of aluminum alloys, reflective screens, etc. on the north side of the shed can enhance the heat insulation effect and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
Fourth, chemical control
1. Chemical seed dressing
Can be used 35% ADM, 75% chlorothalonil WP or 70% thiophanate-methyl wp and 50% thiram WP mixed 1:1, the dose of 0.3% seed quality seed dressing, control effect is good .
2. Spraying medication
Whether in the seedling stage or the adult stage, once the diseased leaves appear, it is time to apply pesticides and control the development of the disease in time to reduce losses.
Generally, 52.5% fast-acting water dispersible granules can be used as 1500 times solution or 60% Fluorine, Mn Zn WP 700 times, 70% Mn Zn, AI WP 500 times, 72.2% Prec AS 800 times, 72 %a manganese zinc, cream urea WP600 ~ 700 times liquid, spray liquid per acre of 60 to 70 liters, every 7 to 10 days 1 time, 2 or 3 times in a row, but also according to the development of the disease, determine the frequency of application. In addition, when there is a disease, the disease will be prevented, and if there is no disease, then 75% chlorothalonil WP600 may be used for the prevention and protection. All the front and back surfaces of the upper and lower leaves of the plant may be used, or a half-type Bordeaux mixture may be used. ~ 300 times the liquid, after the melon period can be 200 ~ 240 times liquid spray protection.
3. Smoked tobacco medication
It is a simple and effective method to control cucumber downy mildew with chlorothalonil. Under normal circumstances, when a diseased plant is found in the shed, 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent is used, 200-250 g per mu of greenhouse, and the drug is divided into 5 parts. Evenly distributed in 5 places, the fire is lit from the inside out. , Close the doors and windows. It is advisable to administer the medicine in the evening, and the next morning should be ventilated. Smoke should be taken every 7 to 10 days. This method is effective not only for downy mildew but also powdery mildew and gray mold.
4. Dust application
Use 5% chlorothalonil dust agent or 5% Garnett dust agent for dust prevention and control. This application method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, high work efficiency, water saving, good control effect, no increase in indoor humidity, and Can add a small amount of micro-fertilizer to achieve treatment, health, anti-decay effect. The specific method is: before the onset of the disease, 1000 grams of medicine is used per acre shed. Use a bumper harvester type 5 or a harvester type 10 duster to spray powder in the morning or late afternoon. Harvester type 5 duster shakes no less than 35 revolutions per minute. Type 10 Shake no less than 50 rpm, start from the end of the shed, lift the dusting pipe horizontally, and retreat to the shed door. The squirt can be sprayed in about 5 minutes. After spraying the powder for 1 hour, the air can be released. If the powder is sprayed at night, it can be second. Open the shed in the morning and release the air. The drug is usually applied once every 7 days for 4 to 6 consecutive times. Some regions reported that spraying on a sunny day evening had the best efficacy. The use of drugs in sunny days and at noon was less effective.
Fifth, high temperature stuffy shed
If the onset is rapid and the effect of chemical control is poor, this method can be used. Generally choose sunny morning, close the greenhouse temperature, so that the temperature near the growing point of cucumber indoor greenhouse is high to 44 ~ 46 °C. Afterwards, observe every 15 minutes. If the temperature exceeds 46°C, let the temperature drop. If the temperature is lower than 44°C, seal the room and raise the temperature. Keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 44-46°C for 2 hours. The effect is excellent. If the damage is severe, it can be treated again every 4 to 5 days. However, we must pay attention to the first day of boring to pour water once, and increase the humidity in the shed. Otherwise, it will easily hurt the growing point of cucumber.
Six, spray sugar, supply nutrition
In the middle and late stages of cucumber growth, the growth potential declines, and the nutrients in the organism are lacking. For example, after the nitrogen sugar content is reduced, the resilience is weakened and susceptible to boxworm. At this point, spray sugar liquid on leaves to supplement nutrition. The sugar solution can be made of urea, brown sugar and water, and the ratio is 0.4:1:100. It is best sprayed on the back of the leaf for 3 to 4 hours in the afternoon, usually 5 days, for a total of 4 times. If downy mildew has already occurred, pesticides can be added and controlled.
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