Planting in greenhouses is the way many growers choose to plant, because it can reasonably control the problems in the shed and grow a variety of fruits and vegetables. The yield is high and the quality is good, but it is necessary to master reasonable planting techniques when planting. The following is a detailed method for efficient cultivation of vegetables in the cold shed, and I hope to help the growers.
1 Multi-layer coverage technology application
The biggest advantage of the multi-layer covering technology is that it can significantly improve the early temperature in the shed and make the vegetable seedlings planted in advance. The application of this technology will also delay the harvest of the autumn sorghum vegetables and achieve considerable economic benefits. Generally, the method of suspending two curtains in a high shed, and then setting up a small arch shed and covering the mulch on the ground surface can effectively avoid the temperature in the night shed is too low. Early spring greenhouse vegetable cultivation can cover the mulch after planting, which is beneficial to slow seedlings. The method of covering the mulch film is that the black face is facing downward and the white face is facing upwards. The black and white film on the ridge should maintain a certain gap with the ground to form an arch shape, and cooperate with the drip irrigation technique under the film.
2 Water saving irrigation technology application
Water-saving irrigation equipment such as drip irrigation and dark irrigation under the film is an essential production condition for greenhouse vegetable production, and water and fertilizer integration technology can be implemented according to the water demand of vegetables. With water and fertilizer, not only saves water by 30%, but also improves the vegetable growth environment, reduces the indoor air humidity in the shed, and reduces the probability of disease occurrence.
3 application of warming and fill light technology
According to the type of shed and the existing conditions in the facility, the following methods can be used to fill the light: First, according to the condition of the back wall of the greenhouse, the aluminized polyester film reflective curtain can be suspended for light filling and warming; The production can be supplemented by LED fill light or agricultural sodium lamp, and the light fill time is 4~5 h every day. The third is covered with silver-gray reflective mulch film, which can effectively increase the indoor temperature of the shed, and keep the glazing surface clean and extend the light. time.
4 Bumblebee pollination technology application
Bumblebee pollination is recognized as an important technical means in the production of green food in the world. It can improve the indoor environment of the shed, avoiding 2,4-D, sitting fruit, tomato spirit and anti-falling chemicals used in crop spraying and silk flowering. The pollution of hormones on fruits also reduces the health risks to producers and consumers. In the production of winter and spring vegetables in the greenhouse, the bumblebee pollination technology is adopted to increase the fruit setting rate of vegetables.
5 Scientific fertilization technology application
The soil condition of the sheds in the old vegetable area is not optimistic. There are some problems. Some of the greenhouses have serious salinization, indicating that the soil has more than 3% salt. Farmers blindly increase the amount of fertilizer, which not only aggravates soil salinization, but also causes waste of fertilizer and increases costs.
6 Prevention and control of pest and disease technology
Take the principle of multiple measures, comprehensive prevention and prevention. It can be integrated with pest and disease board, frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp, insect net, sexual attractant, high temperature suffocating shed, warm soup soaking, grafting technology, reasonable thinning and scientific adjustment of temperature, humidity, light and other pest control technologies. Biological and agricultural control methods to reduce the incidence of vegetable pests and diseases.
6.1 insect net
The insect net must be covered throughout the process. To choose the appropriate specifications, the mesh is too large to prevent insects. If it is too small, the ventilation resistance and light transmittance will be affected.
6.2 yellow and blue board
It is used in vegetable seedling and planting period. It is suspended from 20 to 25 pieces per 667 m 2 and the size is 25 cm × 30 cm. It is recommended that the lower end of the yellow plate is 20 cm higher than the crop. When the yellow board is covered with pests, scrape it off with a steel saw blade or wash it off with water and reuse it many times.
6.3 Biological agents
In the prevention and control of melon wilt disease, eggplant verticillium wilt, vegetable bacterial diseases, the application of Bacillus subtilis biopharmaceuticals is mainly promoted;
6.4 high temperature shack
In the summer shed leisure period, the outside temperature is very high, suitable for high temperature shacks, you can smash lime in the shed floor, fill the water, then cover the mulch film, buckle the shed film, continuous boring 5 ~ 7 d, make the film under the film When the ground temperature reaches above 50 °C, it has a killing effect on various fungal diseases such as cucumber wilt and root-knot nematode.
6.5 Advanced application equipment
In order to reduce labor intensity, save pesticides, reduce pesticide residues, and promote the application of large-scale advanced sprayers, we mainly promote the application of backpack-type electric dusting and sprayers.
Although greenhouse cultivation can obtain high yield, there are still some drawbacks in the planting process. For example, pollination and fertilization need reasonable control. The above is a detailed method for efficient cultivation of vegetables in cold sheds. We can learn from it.
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