1 èŒ¬å£ arrangement
Caragana is grown from late October to the end of May, and cowpea is produced from early June to the end of September.
2 suitable varieties
2.1 Panagua. Choose the early Qing Dynasty, Alan Papaya and so on.
2.2 Kidney Beans. Choose 豇28-2, 33-47, green three feet, etc.
3 suitable for greenhouse
Suitable for planting in Gansu first and second generation solar greenhouses.
4 cultivation techniques
4.1 Panica cultivation technology
4.1.1 Grafting seedlings. The rootstock is made of black seed pumpkin, 500~600g for 667m2 and 300~350g for pumpkin seeds. When raising seedlings, the rootstock and the scion are planted at the same time. After the germination, the papaya is planted on a sand bed, and the black seed pumpkin is planted in the nutrient bowl. It is kept at 25 ° C ~ 30 ° C during the day and 20 ° C during the night. Seeding is generally carried out in late October. After the seedlings are out, the temperature is controlled between 24 ° C and 28 ° C during the day and 15 ° C to 20 ° C during the night. 1d before grafting, the rootstock and scion are filled with enough water, and then 200,000 IU of spray of neomycin is added per kg of water. It can also be replaced by medical streptomycin and 5 kg of water. When grafting, the grafting method is generally adopted. When the first piece of the stalk and the rootstock is about to be unfolded, it is suitable for grafting. When grafting, first remove the growth point of the rootstock seedlings, and then cut the hypocotyls to 2/3 at the lower side of the two cotyledonal parts (the right side of the cotyledons) at 0.5~1cm. Deep in the left and right. 1~1.2cm below the cotyledon of the scion is cut into a 20~30 oblique opening, and it is 3/5 deep into the hypocotyl. The incision is about 0.7~1cm long. The two oblique openings are then inserted into each other to ensure that one edge is aligned and then clamped with a grafting clip or wrapped with a plastic film cut into strips. After fixing with the grafting clip, pull the root of the papaya to the side of the nutrient bowl and bury it with a little soil, and pour the water. The environment of the grafted seedlings should be kept moist and relatively closed to ensure that the seedlings do not wilted.
4.1.2 Colonization. 7~10d before planting, soil preparation, fertilization, more than 7500kg per 667m2 of fermented manure, 200~300kg of cake fertilizer, 40~50kg of potassium sulfate, 75~100kg of superphosphate, 50~75kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Fertilization is carried out by a combination of application and centralized application of ditching. Large and small rows of ridges are used. Generally, the large row spacing is 100~110cm, and the small row spacing is 80~90cm. Firstly, the ground is spread by 2/3 of the base fertilizer, and the depth is 20~30cm. On the basis of the application, the ditch is grooved by the line spacing, and the ditch is 30 cm deep. Apply the remaining base fertilizer to the ditch along with the ditch to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil. Then, water is poured into the ditch, and when the water is completely infiltrated and can be operated, a ridge of about 25 cm in height and about 35 cm in width is excavated on the fertilized ditch, and a ridge for walking is excavated between the large rows. Open the hole according to the plant spacing of 50cm, plant the nursery in the hole, cover the soil, and pour the seedling water.
4.1.3 Management after colonization
4.1.3.1 Temperature management. The seedling stage is not ventilated, sealed to increase the temperature, promote early rooting, and slow seedlings. During the day, the shed temperature should be maintained at 25 °C ~ 30 °C, at night 18 °C ~ 20 °C, when the shed temperature exceeds 30 °C at noon on sunny days, a small amount of ventilation can be used with the top window. After the slow seedling, the shed temperature is controlled at 20 °C ~ 25 °C, and 12 °C ~ 15 °C at night, which promotes the development of the roots of the plants, which is beneficial to the differentiation of female flowers and early sitting. After sitting on the melon, increase the temperature to 22 ° C ~ 26 ° C during the day, 15 ° C ~ 18 ° C during the night, the minimum is not lower than 10 ° C, increase the temperature difference between day and night, is conducive to nutrient accumulation and melon expansion. The temperature control measures are mainly to uncover grasshoppers and timely ventilation. In the deep winter season, the sun should be fully utilized during the day to increase the temperature and cover the insulation at night. After covering the grass, a plastic film can be covered. After the cover is removed in the morning, wipe off the grass and dust on the film in time to increase the light transmittance. An aluminized reflective curtain can also be placed at the rear pillar to increase the illumination in the rear of the shed.
4.1.3.2 Fertilizer management. After planting, no water is poured during the seedling period to promote deep rooting of the roots. When the first melon grows to 10~12cm, the first watering is carried out in combination with topdressing. If the light and temperature conditions are good, water is usually poured once a week. After entering the low temperature and short sunshine period, due to the low temperature in the greenhouse, water is generally poured every 10 to 15 days. Watering should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day, and in the form of watering under the membrane. When the spring temperature begins to rise in the second year, the temperature in the greenhouse gradually increases, usually once a week; to the high temperature in March to April, it takes 3 to 4 days to water once. Papaya topdressing and watering are carried out at the same time, usually two water and one fat. Because the papaya is more like potassium fertilizer, the method of nitrogen and potassium should be adopted when topdressing. A certain amount of potassium sulfate is mainly applied with ammonium nitrate, and generally 15 to 20 kg per 667 m 2 is applied. Use ammonium bicarbonate and urea as little as possible. When entering the spring, you can increase the amount of fertilizer when you are ventilated, and rush into the dung with water 2~3 times, 1000~1500kg per 667m2.
4.1.3.3 Preserved flowers and fruits. Generally, female flowers are opened 6 to 7 days earlier than male flowers. Papaya is a cross-pollination crop of arboreal flowers. There is no insect activity in the greenhouse, and the humidity is high. The pollination is poor, causing the flowers to fall, and artificial pollination is required. The method is from 8:00 to 10:00 in the morning, and the male flower is applied to the head of the female flower on the same day. One male flower can wipe 3~4 female flowers, and the 2,4-D solution with the concentration of 20~30mg/kg can be used to spread the stalk. And the newly opened female flower peduncle. When using scented flowers such as anti-falling hormone, adding 0.1% of 50% kelican and 28% of gray mold to the liquid can reduce the occurrence of gray mold.
4.1.3.4 Pruning vines, vines, and vines. Pulling a few wires in the north-south direction of the shed, each hoist is tied to the wire with the upper end of the rope, and the lower end is fixed on the plant. The vines should be timely, keep the growth point upright, and keep the vines light. The top of the melon is broken, and the whole branch is snored. The diseased leaves, old leaves and diseased fruits are removed in time to make the plants tall and uniform, and they do not block each other. When the height of the melon is high, the harvest of the lower fruit should be timely, so that the plants and leaves are evenly distributed. When the vines are falling, the old leaves and yellow leaves of the lower part are removed. When removing the old yellow leaves, the wound should be far away from the main vine to prevent the bacteria from infecting the wound.
4.1.3.5 Disease prevention and treatment. The main diseases of winter squash are powdery mildew and gray mold. Powdery mildew damage leaves and young stems can be sprayed with 20% triadimefon EC 1500~2000 times liquid or colloidal sulfur 500 times liquid at the beginning of the disease. Gray mold damages flowers, young fruits, leaves or larger fruits. In the early stage of the disease, 58% toxic myricium manganese zinc 600~1000 times liquid or anti-virus 矾 500 times liquid or 50% quick kelin WP 2000 times liquid Prevention and treatment. When using pesticides to control pests and diseases, it should be used according to the safety interval, concentration and application method; to avoid the time of mining and picking, it should be picked first and then applied; it is strictly prohibited to use chemical pesticides 7 days before harvesting, and biological agents should be preferred. Or natural enemy control.
4.1.4 Harvest. The papaya is mainly edible melon, and the root melon reaches 250g after 10~12d after flowering. The harvest will affect the growth of the second melon sometimes, and sometimes it will cause melon. Plants that are prosperous are more likely to stay in melons and stay in large melons. Plants that are long in length should be harvested at night; plants with weak growth should have less melons and early melons. When picking, be careful not to damage the main vine, and keep the stalk as much as possible on the main vine. At the end of May, the harvest was completed, the membrane was removed, and the greenhouse was cleared.
4.2 Kidney Beans
4.2.1 Soil preparation and application of base fertilizer. Before planting, the soil is ploughed and planted, combined with land preparation, 3000~4000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 15~20kg of diammonium phosphate per 667m2. After fine soil preparation, it will be made into a low ridge with a width of 50cm and a height of 12~15cm. The width of the furrow is 50cm.
4.2.2 Seeding. It was broadcast live in early June and planted in two rows with a density of 4000~4500 plants/667m2. The planting distance is 40~50cm, the plant spacing is 25~30cm, and 2~3 grains are planted per hole. The thickness of the covering soil is 3~4cm, which prevents the "cap" from being unearthed.
4.2.3 Field management. After cultivating the loose soil of the cowpea, and timely weeding and weeding after the rain, loosen the soil, protect the soil, raise the ground temperature, and promote the roots of the seedlings to make the plants grow vigorously. Cowpea has a long growth period and requires more fertilizer. In addition to applying the base fertilizer, it should also be topdressed regularly. After the seedling stage, the fertilizer is chased once, and after the pod is added, the fertilizer is applied in combination with the irrigation, and the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used. In combination with the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the urea is applied for 10~15kg per 667m2 (mu) when the vine is started. Apply urea 10kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2~3kg, and diammonium phosphate 10kg. The seedling stage controls irrigation, otherwise it will easily cause excessive growth of nutrients, and the first inflorescence will increase significantly. During the pod-forming period, the amount of irrigation and the number of irrigations are increased to keep the soil moist. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season. The main diseases of cowpea are coal mold and rust, which are prone to occur under high humidity conditions. Pay attention to water control, field ventilation, spray 50% thiophanate-methyl sulphur suspension 800 times solution, or 50% benomyl WP 1000 times solution, or 70% chlorothalonil 500~ at the beginning of the disease. 800 times liquid. Spray once every 7~10d and spray 2~3 times. The main pest is the pea pod, and the prevention and control should master the principle of “controlling the flower and not treating the podâ€, that is, the flowering should be controlled. It can be sprayed in the morning or evening with agents such as 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times or 20% chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times. Prevention and treatment.
4.2.4 Racking and pruning. Kidney bean cultivation, when the beginning of the vines, insert the frame, use the "people" frame, use bamboo rafts to prevent the entanglement, stems and leaves overlap. The introduction of vines should be carried out at noon or afternoon on a sunny day. Cowpea buds can reduce nutrient consumption and the rack should be strong and strong. After the vine is stretched, the vines are put on the shelves in time, so that the stems are evenly distributed in the frame to ventilate and transmit light, and promote flowering and fruiting. The side branches and the first consumption of the first inflorescences of the main vines were beaten, and the weak leaf buds produced by the above-mentioned nodes in the inflorescence promoted the flower bud growth of the same node, leaving the flank for 1 to 3 knots. When the main vine grows to the top of the rack, the topping of the heart is taken to promote the formation of the accessory flower buds at each flowering node.
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