Flower rot can occur in leaves, flowers, young fruits and shoots, but it is mainly flowers and young fruit. There are two kinds of flower rot symptoms: First, when the buds first appear, they can be infected with rot, diseased flowers are yellow-brown and withered; the second is caused by the spread of leaf rot, which causes the base and pedicels of flower clusters to rot and the flowers to wither. Fruit rot is a pathogen that invades the stigma and reaches the ovary through the pollen tube and then penetrates the ovary wall to reach the fruit surface. When the young fruit bean size is large, brown spots appear on the fruit surface, brown mucus overflows at the spot, and there is a fermented odor, and the whole fruit rots quickly, becomes a stale fruit after dehydration, and still grows on a flower cluster or a fruit stand. Leaf rot is more common in the leaf stage, and red-brown spots appear on the tip, leaf margin, or midrib of the disease at the beginning of the disease and gradually expand into radial shape. Lesions develop along the leaf veins to the petiole, causing the leaves to wither and when the air is wet, produce grayish moldy matter (spores and conidia of pathogens) in the diseased area. Branch rot is caused by diseased leaves, diseased flowers, and diseased fruits. It continues to spread downwards to the new shoots. It produces brown ulcer lesions on the shoots and branches around for a week to make the upper branches of the lesions die.
Occurrence
Apple flower rot pathogens overwinter in diseased branches, diseased leaves, and small dead fruits that fall to the ground. Hunchun appeared in the apple to the flowering stage. The pathogens formed ascospore and ascospores on the landing stiff fruit. Ascospores spread with wind and rain and invade young leaves, causing leaf rot, which in turn causes flower rot. Conidia produced on diseased and diseased flowers invade from the stigma of the flower, causing fruit rot. The rot caused by leaf rot, flower rot, and fruit rot caused branch rot. The low temperature and raininess of apple during the leaf development period may cause flower rot and leaf rot to occur. In the young fruit period, the fruit rot occurs at low temperature. Mountain orchards and poorly ventilated orchards have a severe outbreak; others such as extensive management, weed growth under the trees, and incomplete treatment of surface disease residues all aggravate the occurrence of diseases. Among the apple varieties, the chicken crown and gold crown were more susceptible to disease, and Marshal and Red Star were more resistant to disease; most of the young fruit were more susceptible and the mountain stator was early and severe. The incidence of a single variety of planted plants is heavier than that of mixed plants.
Control methods
Do a good job in clean garden sanitation: The fruit should be cleaned immediately after harvest, orchard, diseased leaves, diseased branches and dead fruits should be completely cleaned and burned; at the same time, the orchards should be plowed after autumn to bury the sick and disintegrate, and promote decomposition. , thereby reducing the source of wintering bacteria. In spring, ground spraying (3 to 5 Baume degrees limestone mixture) can be used to eradicate the source of overwintering bacteria in the stage of the occurrence of the ascus. In winter, combine pruning to remove diseased branches. At the early stage of disease, timely removal of diseased leaves, diseased fruits, etc., can also reduce the hazards of the disease.
Strengthen the cultivation and management: a reasonable plastic trim, so that the crown can be good ventilation and light; increase organic fertilizer, increase tree vigor, and improve resistance to disease. The new orchard should pay attention to the reasonable mix of varieties and avoid the cultivation of a single variety of large areas.
Artificially assisted pollination: Artificially assisted pollination during flowering can prevent fruit rot.
Chemical control: from the sprouting of fruit trees to the flowering stage (embryonic stage, early flowering stage, flowering stage), continuous spraying 2 or 3 times. If the temperature is high and dry during this period, spray 2 times, the first time in the germination period, the second In the early flowering period, if the flowering period is low and humid, the phenological period of the fruit tree is prolonged, and one more medicine may be sprayed at the end of the flowering period. Spray 3~5 Baume degree lime sulfur before germination. After the second spray commonly used agents: 0.5 Baume degree lime sulfur, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, 45% crystal lime sulfur 300 times, 70% mancozeb zinc WP 800 times Liquid, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP, etc.
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