The main pest control technology of corn
First, the main diseases
1, corn stalk rot
Symptoms: Sweet corn stalk rot often results from single or multiple infections of several fungi and bacteria. Generally occurs in the late silking stage of sweet corn, the symptoms are divided into acute type and chronic type. The acute type, ie, "blue and dry type", often appears after a storm, or the weather has a strong wind. After 2 to 3 days, the leaves lose water and appear blue and wilting. . SLOW
Sexual disease progression progresses slowly, the leaves gradually dry up from the bottom up, the stem base discolors later, rot, the infected area decays, there is rot and odor, the plants are blue and dry, and the diseased part is like a water stain. The hollow part of the pith is easy to fall down, the ear drops, and the grains dry up.
Pathogen: Erwinia bacteria. Route of transmission: The pathogens live on the surface of the earth with the remnants, and the germs can be invaded through the wound or directly. Or from the base of the leaf sheath invade the stem and extend to the lower internode. It can also rely on seeds to spread. The disease is at a high temperature and humidity of 30°C. The air in the field does not circulate and the soil is poorly drained.
weight.
Prevention and control: (1) Breeding disease-resistant varieties; (2) Crop rotation and reasonable dense planting; (3) Scientific fertilization; (4) Chemical control: Shiderer 1000 times the base of the spray stem, and 300 times irrigation root.
2, corn bacterial wilt
Pathogens: flagellin subphylum fungi, Pythium corn.
Symptoms: During the jointing stage of corn, the whole plant died of blue and dry, the stem base was dissected, and the pith was seen to turn brown. Fusarium was associated with the disease at the later stage of the disease.
Control methods: Jin Lei Duomi 1000 times, Kangzhenlei 1000 times or gat 1000 times Irrigation.
3, corn sheath blight
On the leaf sheaths, smeared green long oval-shaped moire-like lesions appeared, which resembled boiled water scald. Afterwards, the lesions gradually increased and connected to each other into a large irregular moiré, and then the upper leaf sheaths and leaves developed. When severe, Can damage the top blade. Pathogen: caused by Rhizoctonia solani, a fungus.
Control methods: Natrium 1000 times, Dakkoning 800 times, Liguoli 1500 times or 1000 times more than the spray.
4, corn leaf spot
Symptoms: mainly damage the leaves, stems, ears, seeds, etc., lesions oval, rectangular or spindle-shaped, brown, gray-brown. Sometimes the lesions have ridges, dark green infiltration areas appear in the lesions under high temperature conditions, the lesions are yellow-brown necrotic dots.
Pathogens: called the genus Helminthosporium spp., belongs to the fungus Fungi. The synonymous sexual stage called cyclosporidiosis belongs to Ascomycete spp.
Route of transmission: Severe onset at temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius and rainy days.
5, corn spot
The main damage to the leaves, when severely affected leaf sheath and wrapped leaves. The onset of the field begins with the lower leaves and gradually develops upward. In the early stage of the disease, water-stained gray-blue dots develop, and the trailing edge develops on both sides of the vein, forming a central yellowish-brown, fusiform fusiform or spindle-shaped large spot on the edge. When the humidity is high, the lesions heal into large pieces.
Dark gray moldy spots are produced on the spot, and the diseased part is longitudinally cracked or yellowish and wilting, the head and leaves are infected, and the spot is irregular.
Incidence: temperature 18-22 °C, high humidity, especially rainy or foggy or rainy weather, can cause the epidemic.
Pathogens: called the great spot convex Helminthosporium spp.
Control methods: 500 to 600 times before the onset of the disease, spray once every 15-20 days, and even spray three times; Amisida 1500-2000 times the effect of prevention, treatment and eradication; treatment can be used to make hundred grams or It sprays 1500-2000 times more, 1000 times more Nasal, or 5000-7000 times more.
6, corn smut (corn smut),
Symptoms: also known as corn tumor black disease, can occur in various growth stages, especially in the heading stage performance, the Ministry of the Ministry of the birth of different sizes of tumors, the initial tumor outsourcing a layer of white film, after graying, intratumoral It is rich in water, and it emits black powder after it is cracked. It is the spore of pathogenic bacteria.
Produces bean-sized nodules. Tassels produce cystic neoplasia on the tassel and large nodules are formed on other sites.
Pathogen: Zea mays, which belongs to Basidiomycotina.
Transmission route: spores spread by wind and rain and insects, high temperature, drought or excessive nitrogen fertilizer is easy to disease.
Control methods: Sweet corn is susceptible to disease, with particular attention to the selection of disease-resistant varieties. Severely affected fields have a 2-3 year rotation. After the occurrence of tumors in the field, clean up and deep-seated in time, deep plowing in time to reduce the source of the disease. Chemical control: to make 100 grams or 1500 times more than Baipao, 1000 times as much as Liguoli, 1000 times as Natrium or 800 times as Triadimefon
fog.
7, head smut
Silk black disease is a systemic infection that harms tassels and ears of corn. Some of the affected plants are dwarfed, some are numerous, and some are clustered. All or part of the tassel flower is deformed to form a tumor, which is covered with albuginea. The inside is agglomerated black powder, ie, chlamydospore. In addition to cilantro, all the ears of the plant become a cluster of black powder.
Lots of filiform residual parasite tissue. One morbidity, all of the ear and latent ear were susceptible.
Chemical Control: Seed Disinfection: (1) Shi Le 1000 times seed dressing, (2) Soak 100 grams or 1500 times. Soil cup soil soil disinfection: must be speeded off 1 kg mixed with 10,000 kg of nutrient soil mix well, sprinkle water to maintain the soil moisture content of 20-25%, cover the plastic film for a week, and then remove the film for a week.
Cup sowing.
8, corn rust
The main damage to the corn leaves, early on the leaves appeared yellow to orange yellow protruding small pustular lesions, later epidermis rupture, scattered yellow to yellow-brown powder is the spore heap, severe scab all over the whole leaf, Disperses rust-colored powders until the growth of the leaves is blocked.
Control methods: 100 grams of 100 grams, 1,000 times more than 1000 times, 1500 times the fruit lotus, 800 times the spray of triadimefon.
9, dwarf mosaic disease (also known as stripe disease, mosaic virus disease, yellow-green striped disease)
In the whole growth period of corn can be infected by the disease, from the emergence to the 7-leaf stage is susceptible to infection, plant diseased plants appear chlorotic punctate leaves at the base, and later extended to the whole leaf, leaf shade uneven, in the rough veins Between the formation of many yellow stripes. Severely diseased plants grow slowly, weak yellow, and can not attract strong males
Even died.
Control methods: (1) pest control and disease prevention: use Aketai 10000 times + 1 package of imidacloprid, imidacloprid 1000-1500 times, 1000 times in the golden century; (2) 1000 times with the virus g, virus 1000 times spray.
Second, the main insect pests
1, corn worms and big maggots
Also known as borers, they are the main pests of corn. They often bite into the young stems and leaves to destroy the tissues of the stems and leaves, so that nutrients and water cannot be transported, affecting the growth of corn. After heading, the ear is drilled to break the ear and affect the pollination. .
Control methods: shake 1000 grams, 1000 times in the golden century, 2000 times Mobilan or 1000-1500 times thousand insects perfusion or spray.
2, è¼è›„
Adults and nymphs bite off corn seedlings near the surface of the ground, or dig tunnels on the surface of the soil and bite off the main roots of the seedlings to kill the seedlings.
Control methods: 1500 times for 1000 insects, 2,000 grams for shaking, or 800 times for trichlorfon.
3, locusts
Also known as Miteworm. Adults take sap from the back of the leaves and tender stems, the leaves of the affected melons curl, the melon shoots wilting and even die. The old leaves are damaged, and early falling leaves will shorten the result period, resulting in reduced production.
Control methods: spray Aketai 7500 ~ 10000 times, 2000 times imidacloprid, 1000-1500 times thousand grams of insects, 1500-2000 times the golden century or 2,000 times excellent music.
4, 蛴螬
The beetle is a larva of a beetle. It has a complex diet and snaps off plant seedlings and rhizomes, causing the seedlings to fade to yellow and die.
Control methods: 1500 times for 1000 insects, 2,000 grams for shaking, or 800 times for trichlorfon.
5, small tiger
Food is very mixed. The newly hatched larvae cluster day and night on the back of the heart or leaves of the crop seedlings, biting the leaves into holes or holes. After 3rd year of age, it enters the gluttony stage. It hides under the surface of the earth during the day, and when the water is exposed to water for a long time, the corn will be cut off from the ground at a height of 3-4 centimeters and the seedlings will be pulled into the hole for feeding.
Control methods: (1) Weeding and disinfestation: Weeds are the main sites for laying eggs, and they are also the hazard bridges for larvae migration to corn seedlings. (2) Heap trapping: Kill 5% trichlorfon with rice bran + peanut bran or bean cake, and disperse 10 heaps per acre in the evening, cover half a catty, cover fresh tender grass,
Lure tiger larvae to feed.
6, armyworm
The larvae feed on the leaves, the crops can take light, larvae have gregarious, omnivorous, overeating, adult migratory,. In the South China region, which breeds for 6-8 generations year-round, the adult lurks in the grass and the field. The only bees are active at night. After hatching, the larvae gather in the heart and leaves of the corn. The larvae are frightened.
That is, silk drooping or curling falls to death.
Control methods: (1) trapping adult worms: use sugar, vinegar, wine + enemy hundred traps pots to kill adults, or grass to lure adults to lay eggs, or use black light traps to kill adults. (2) Chemical control: 1000 times of shake, 1,000 times of gold, 2000 times of mouse, and 1000-1500 times of 1000 insects.
Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa armigera
Before 3rd instar, leaves were eaten, causing nicks. After 3rd instar, they licked up the ears, causing rot.
Drugs for prevention and cure: Before the third instar, it is 1500 times as much as the golden century, 1000 to 15,000 times the shaking grams, 3000-4000 times the exercise time, and 1500 times or 1,000 to 1,500 times the length of the game.
8, locusts
Adult and nymphal feeding leaves affect crop growth.
Control methods: 1000 grams of shake, 1000 times of the golden century, 2000 times of Mobilang or 1000-1500 times of 1000 insects.
9, Hummer
Also known as Palm Falcon, both adults and nymphs suck the juice of tender shoots, flowers, and young fruit of the melon, and the victim's branches harden and shrink.
Control methods: Ake Thai 3000 ~ 7500 times, 20% of fenvalerate EC 4000 times, 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 times, 1.8% Ai Fu 2000 times or 1000 worms 1500 times spray.
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