When talking about fish students, Guangxi people are particularly familiar with it, and it is really love and hate because it is understood by most people that fish have risks and entrances need to be careful. It is this sagacity that is particularly scrutiny when eaten: Before you go down, you also know how to add some sauce and a little wine. It seems to be more comfortable to eat. However, it is understood that the infection rate of liver flukes in Guangxi is 4.76%, of which Hengxian is as high as 28.78%, and it has become one of the high-risk areas in the country. Professor Liao Boming, chief physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, said that eating raw freshwater fish has become the most common way of transmitting liver disease. Even if the fish is completely bloodied, the liver flukes will remain in the flesh and be eaten by humans, and the liver fluke can live in the human liver for as long as 20 years. If left untreated, it will block the common bile duct and cause obstructive jaundice and even biliary colic. Severe cases of chronic recurrent infections develop into cirrhosis. Experts suggest that people who love to eat freshwater fish should not eat it.
Guangxi people love to eat fish and cause high incidence of liver flukes
According to data released by the National CDC, liver fluke disease is mainly distributed in East Asia and Southeast Asia, and 85% of cases are in China. The domestic epidemic is very widespread, with Guangdong, Guangxi, and Heilongjiang ranking in the top three. At present, Guangxi has found that 60 counties (cities, districts) have the epidemic of liver flukes or have the disease. At present, the number of infections in the whole region is 3 million to 6 million, ranking the second in the country.
"High-risk groups are not related to areas, races, gender, and age, and are related to lifestyle." Professor Liao Boming said that adults of liver fluke disease mainly inhabit the hepatobiliary ducts of humans or mammals (such as cats, dogs, pigs, and rats). People or animals suffering from the disease often enter the gut with bile and excrete in the feces. Freshwater fish is due to the "water toilet + fish pond" breeding model, resulting in cultured fish infected with liver flukes. A large number of fish infected with liver fluke are processed into fish and cause human infection.
People in Guangxi's Heng County and other places like to eat sashimi made of freshwater fish. Many people therefore “invited†and often come into contact with such patients in outpatient clinics. In addition, the northeastern people also have the hobby of eating raw fish, as well as Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other southeastern coastal provinces and cities, popular drunk shrimp, drunk crabs, etc., which are all high-risk behavior of infecting liver disease.
According to Professor Liu Baiming, the greatest threat to the human body from liver flukes is mainly liver and gallbladder. After the patient became infected with liver fluke disease, there was no obvious symptoms at the initial stage. However, after long-term infection, the bile ducts have a limited expansion and thickening of the wall. A large number of parasites can cause obstruction and bile retention, causing a variety of diseases such as hepatomegaly, fibrosis, gallstones, cholangitis, cholecystitis, and even a small amount can cause cirrhosis, liver cancer, and bile duct cancer. In addition, children who are infected can affect normal development and may suffer from dwarfism.
Soy sauce does not kill liver flukes experts recommend not to eat fish
Although the best prevention method is to change the eating habits, eat less or even eat fish, cut off the route of transmission. However, fish lovers can't bear to give up their delicious food. They believe that when they eat fish and soy sauce and drink white wine, they can kill the liver flukes in the fish. Is this possible?
Prof. Liao Boming said that the resistance of the liver flukes to capsules is relatively strong, and seasonings and liquors cannot act as insecticides in a short time. Do not think that soy sauce and white wine can kill liver flukes. If you drink too much, it will increase the burden on the liver.
He also stressed that even if he does not eat fish, there are fish when eating meals with others, it may also cause liver fluke disease. Parasites of liver flukes that are parasited on fish may contaminate chopsticks, cross contamination of other hot dishes through chopsticks, and people who do not eat fish may also be infected.
In addition, chopping boards, kitchen knives, and pots that have been contaminated with fish and shrimp with liver encystem capsules are exposed to other meat dishes. Other meat dishes may also be contaminated, and people exposed to them may also bring liver flukes into the body. The ability of liver flukes to transmit is stronger than we think.
The early symptoms are not obvious but the harm can not be ignored
Liver flukes are usually onset slowly, and only a few patients with severe infections in the short term are clinically acute. Mildly infected people are often asymptomatic or have only a feeling of fullness, anorexia, or mild abdominal pain in the upper abdomen after eating. The patient is susceptible to fatigue and eggs can be detected in the feces.
“Heavier infections usually have a slower onset, with anorexia, full appetite, mild diarrhea, and pain in the liver area. The patient will have large livers with obvious left lobe, tenderness and percussive pain. There are dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, lack of energy, heart palpitations, memory loss and other symptoms of neurasthenia." Professor Liao Boming said that due to a large number of adults plug the common bile duct obstructive jaundice, and even biliary colic. Severe cases of chronic recurrent infections develop into liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, with weight loss, anemia, abdominal wall varices, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, and jaundice.
Since mild cases of liver flu disease have almost no symptoms, slightly more severe ones may have symptoms such as indigestion and diarrhea. It is difficult for ordinary people to judge whether they have liver flukes, and it is necessary to conduct professional medical tests to determine. It is recommended that people who like to eat sashimi should go to the hospital for a check and check the hidden dangers.
Prof. Liao Boming said that as long as it takes 20 yuan to draw blood, it can be tested for liver fluke infection, and it can be further confirmed by combining immunological tests, parasite tests, and radiological examinations (B-ultrasonography, CT examination).
Treatment of pathogens can be deworming
However, severe patients need symptomatic treatment
Now the treatment of liver flukes is relatively simple, and it takes about 3 days to take medicine. In general, as long as the insects are mowed in time, there will be no serious consequences.
"We mainly treat pathogens in patients with less severe symptoms," said Professor Liao Boming. After treatment with drugs, the rate of fecal egg droppings can reach more than 90%. In a small number of cases, dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other adverse reactions will occur when the drug is used. Symptoms will be reduced or disappeared after 24 hours. The general treatment amount has no obvious damage to liver and kidney. Individual patients will have pre-term contraction, arrhythmia and other symptoms.
He stressed that patients with severe diseases should be given symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy, such as increasing nutrition, correcting anemia, diuresis, swelling, etc., and then after the general improvement of the situation, then repellent treatment. Complications of cholecystitis, cholangitis, in addition to insecticide plus antibacterial drugs. Patients with acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and common bile duct obstruction should be treated surgically. Treatment of viral hepatitis, in addition to active protection of the liver, should be based on the improvement of the disease as soon as possible treatment of deworming.
The health status of freshwater fish is worrying
Anti-liver flukes need three-pronged approach
It is understood that the current environment for the growth of freshwater cultured fish is getting worse and worse. A lot of non-standard and unsanitary breeding habits are common, and the "water toilet + fish pond" farming model has not been eliminated. In many freshwater fish farms, toilets are built directly on the side of the pond to save the cost of farming, commonly known as “water closetsâ€. The feces after fermentation directly into the pond, breeding plankton, as a fish fertilizer, but do not know this has become a major health and safety hazards. In the high-incidence area of ​​liver flukes, liver fluke eggs are excreted by human faeces, and they are circulated directly by water people in the traditional fishpond water cistern. Liver fluke eggs parasitize in pond shrimp and snails, and pond fish eat shrimp snails and then turn. Parasites in fish, people eat fish and infect liver fluke.
Professor Liao Baiming said that in order to prevent liver fluke disease, three aspects should be done:
First, control the source of infection. At present, liver flukes in Guangxi rely mainly on dietary transmission. In the current culture environment, the conditions for the cultivation of freshwater fish are relatively poor, and "water closets" are still seen everywhere in many areas. Therefore, reasonable handling of feces and changing the habits of fish farming are important measures to prevent the spread of liver flukes.
Second, cut off the route of transmission and try to eat cooked food. Fish contains a large number of parasites and unknown risks. Heating not only kills liver flukes but also kills germs and kills other types of parasites.
Finally, protect vulnerable groups. The people who love to eat fish are high-incidence people with liver disease. This group of people is best to go to the hospital for the relevant examination. At present, the detection method of liver flukes is very mature. Once they are found to be infected, they must be promptly dewormed. (Ye Yuli correspondent Lan Feiyan)
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