2. Olive oil is one of the most famous evergreen woody oil tree species in the world. It is an important Natural high-quality edible woody oil resource with high economic value. Olives are grown and cultivated in most countries and regions in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania. In China, bulk imports of olive oil have been started since the 1960s, and tests have yielded good economic and social benefits. The olive fruit has an elliptical appearance, 15-30 mm in diameter, 15-20 mm in diameter. The mature fruit has dark green to dark brown skin and kernels in the kernel. According to the analysis, mature olive oil accounts for 1%-2% of fruit, with 63% and 86% of pulp, nuclear 10%-30%, and kernel 2% and 6%. The whole oil is one of the woody oil plants with 30% oil and 35% high oil content. First, the cultivation characteristics of olives Olive is native to the Mediterranean region, adapt to the summer hot and rainy, warm and wet winter natural environment. It does not require strict soil requirements. Normally, barren sand and clay can be cultivated and planted normally. However, the most suitable is neutral or slightly alkaline (calcareous) sandy soil with gravel. About 10 years after seedlings are generally planted, the grafted seedlings will bear fruit in six or seven years. The longest period of four or five hundred years can be reached in years. The yield per plant of olives is about 1,000 kg. Within 50 years, it is the full fruit period, and within 50-100 years it is the stable production period. Second, olive oil sowing and cultivation methods 1. Olive seed oil Olive seed cannot be sown immediately after picking, and must be stored for a period of time to complete the seed ripening process. In the actual production, sand seeding method is usually adopted for the treatment and germination. In order to maintain moist, low temperature and ventilated seed germination, it is best performed on cement or floor tiles. The operation method is First spread a layer of sand 3-5 cm thick on the ground, a layer of seeds on the sand, 1-1.5 cm thick, so that when repeatedly reached 35-5O cm high, cover the upper layer with a layer of sand. Insert grass to the middle to facilitate ventilation. Seed treatment: Sand humidity is not suitable for hand-squeezed water, loose sand, and should not avoid the humidity of the sand is too large, causing the seeds to rot outside. The absolute soda response of sand is controlled at about 5%, otherwise it will affect the seed germination rate. According to the experience, during the seed treatment, the seeds should be filtered and shoved every 2-3 weeks according to the above method, and stacked once again until there is a gap between 2% and 3% of the seed nuclei. The entire seed processing will be completed. In some regions, 2 dry cow dung, 3 straws, 1 yellow sand, and 8 small amounts of fresh water were summed up in the production practice. After thorough mixing, the seeds were treated instead of pure sand. The seeds can germinate in about 40 days, effectively shortening the processing time of the seeds. 2. Sand bed sand beds are made of sand and are high in the north and south. The sand bed size is 1 meter X 1.2 meters X (0.9-1.2) meters. First, a 10 cm thick block of stone or coal cinder is placed on the bottom of the bed, and a layer of soft, dry school leaf larvae is 5-10 cm thick. Then, when the dry school is over, it is paved with 12 cm thick and sterilized coarse soil. The coarse soil shall be covered with 12 centimeters of sterile fine soil and a layer of 20-25 centimeters of fine sand shall be laid on the soil. All were spread and then disinfected with 2% formalin solution. The amount of spraying was 10 liters per square meter. The walls of the seedbed (sand bed) were sterilized with 2% Bordeaux mixture. Finally, scrape the sand and evenly spread the germinated olive seeds onto the sand (even more 3-5 kg ​​thick per square meter). Then lay 1.5 cm thick sand. It is worth noting that in order to maintain the ventilation and warmth of the bed, it is always maintained at 15°C-20°C. In the summer, awnings are to be erected. In winter, glass or film is used to prevent cold. When the cold winter temperatures are too low, grass mats should be placed on the glass or film to prevent the seedlings from freezing. The species that were removed will generally be unearthed in the next 3-4 months. The seedlings will grow 4-6 pairs of leaves. When the seedling height is 15 centimeters, it is possible to move from the bed to the nursery. 3. Seedlings of olive seedlings that are not transplanted before transplanting are to be deep-smashed 4O-50 cm before transplanting, and the base fertilizer should be applied. Before the seedlings are taken, spray water once on the seedbed; when taking, use a spatula to remove the seedlings with sand, such as In the case of seedlings, they are too long. The first thing is to cut short and then put the slurry of man-made things first with cow dung (1 part) on the 2 parts of cow dung. Add water to mix and grind the slurry.) The middle dip can be used to transplant the transplanted plant. The line spacing is 10 cm X 20 cm. Roots in seedlings cannot be bent during cultivation; seedlings are shaded and watered after cultivation to keep the soil moist. When the seedlings grow to about 1 cm thick, they can be grafted. Grafting time is best chosen at the end of March each year in early April, so when the sap begins to flow out of the skin it is easy to peel off. After grafting, bamboo seedlings were planted near each seedling to assist seedlings. China Agricultural Network Editor
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