In July and August, the grapes are in a period of fruit enlargement and coloring and gradually mature. Shao Jinkui, full-time vice president of the Shaanxi Provincial Fruit Industry Association's grape branch, said that within one month before harvesting, it is a critical period for obtaining high quality and high yields, and it must effectively grasp fertilizer and water management.
Fertilizer
Soil fertilization Grapes are in the initial stages of fruit coloring. This fertilization has an effect on improving fruit sugar content, improving berry quality, and promoting new shoot ripening. This fertilization to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, mainly phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, can choose to use double 45% (15-10-20) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the amount of 80 to 100 kg per mu. Shed vineyards on both sides of the trunk, scaffolding in the trunk from 30 to 40 cm, digging a small ditch about 20 cm deep, then cover the soil, watering, in order to improve fertilizer efficiency. The late-maturing varieties were in the period of young fruit enlargement, and top-dressing was small, with nitrogen and potassium as the main factors, so that the young fruit quickly expanded.
Foliar spraying fertilizer increases the volume and weight of berries, increases the sugar content, increases the degree of coloration, promotes fruit ripeness and consistency, and can spray 0.2% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in conjunction with pest control and spray 2 to 3 times. .
Water Management
The excessive water content of water-control berry coloring will affect the accumulation of sugar, slow the coloration, reduce the quality and flavor, and cause white rot, anthrax, downy mildew, etc., and some species may also have fruit cracking and should strictly control the water. For more than 4 consecutive days, sunny and dry days should be flooded with drought, watered in the evening, and drained in the morning until the grapes are ripe and harvested.
Drainage grapes have strong resistance, but the drainage in the low-lying vineyards must be well done. Soil moisture is saturated, and oxygen in all the pores of the soil is expelled, forcing the root system to undergo anaerobic respiration, accumulating alcohol to coagulate proteins, and causing root death. In the absence of oxygen, aerobic bacteria in the soil are inhibited, which impedes the decomposition of organic fertilizers. A large amount of reducing substances such as carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide accumulate in the soil and poisoning the roots.
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