The ostrich is native to Africa and is the largest bird in the world. Ostrich leather is soft; ostrich meat is low in fat, high in protein, rich in calcium, zinc, selenium and other trace elements, is recognized as a green and healthy food. The ostrich is dominated by grass and grass, and the growth rate is fast, and the breeding efficiency is better. So, what should we pay attention to during ostrich breeding?
Variety selection
The quality of introduced breeding birds or eggs directly affects the success or failure of ostrich breeding. When purchasing ostriches, the ostrich species should be considered first, and the ostrich species can be selected directly. The cultivar is not only an indicator reflecting the productivity of the breeding birds, but also reflects the breeding value of the breeding birds to some extent.
Second, we must consider the sex ratio, generally male to female than 3:1 to 5:2 is more ideal. Although the effective breeding years of ostriches can be as long as 40 to 50 years, the egg production performance of newly-opened ostriches and old ostriches is very low, and it is generally preferable to choose ostriches aged 5 to 10 years old.
The body size and appearance of the introduced bird should also be taken into consideration. From the appearance point of view, the ostriches with higher yields have dirty feathers on their backs, hair shafts shrinking, and the back half feathers are short and sparse or hairless. The heads are delicate and the eyes are dizzy. The tails are drooping, close to the tail, and the hindquarters are hypertrophy. . The feathers are full, the luster is good, the head is large, bulky, the legs are long, the wings are high, the tail is lifting or upturning, the hindquarters are stunted or the body is very large, the eggs are very low or do not produce eggs. The penis of a male ostrich is thick, long, and bent to the left. The length of the penis is more than 25 cm. Generally, ostriches that do not have vibrating estrus in their wings should not be purchased.
Production performance includes meat production performance and reproductive performance. Meat production performance includes growth rate, feed-to-meat ratio and slaughter rate. Reproductive performance refers to the date of production, egg production, egg weight, fertilization rate, hatching rate, hatching rate, brood survival rate and so on.
The selection method can be divided into family selection and pedigree selection. Family selection is based on the entire family (including full-sib and half-sib families) as a selection unit, based on the average performance of the family to select; pedigree selection is based on pedigree records of ancestors, siblings and descendants of the varieties and performance of the selection.
Brooding farm
In addition to meeting the conventional design requirements, the floor of the brooding room and the feeding shed was laid with terracotta tiles. Pottery floor tiles have excellent moisture absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, can keep the ground dry, convenient floor cleaning, cleaning, disinfection, can effectively prevent the ostrich visceral "visceral fever". And it is particularly non-slippery, which can reduce the deformity of young ostrich leg due to slipping.
The vertical length of the stadium is 20 to 30 meters, and the width is 4 to 8 meters. The longitudinal middle section is designed as a gentle slope, which can train the chick's leg strength. The 1/4 section of the stadium is covered with 10 cm thick sand, and the sand is screened at a 40-50 degree angle with a mesh screen of 0.2 square centimeters. In the middle 1/2 section of the stadium, the grass naturally grows turf from below the fine sand. The tender grass can satisfy the good taste of the young ostrich and can effectively overcome the sand accumulation of the pre-stomach of the chick.
Sterilization
Doing a good job in disinfection can eliminate all infectious diseases and ensure the health of young ostriches. Keepers must disinfect their hands with 0.1% benzalkonium bromide solution, change shoes, change clothes, and then step on the disinfection tank to enter the farm.
Wash the green material with potassium permanganate solution and soak it for a while. The water trays and trays used for feeding young ostriches during the day and in the evening should be replaced alternately. After each use, they must be cleaned and soaked and sterilized. Clean the excrement in time, and clean it every day in the breeding house and the feeding shelter.
Daily use 0.1% disinfection spray to disinfect the ground and 1 meter high wall. In the brooding box, the burlap bag is replaced twice a day in the hot summer day, and once a day in the cold day. The cleaned burlap should be soaked in 0.l%~0.2% of bacteria for 30 minutes.
Breeding and breeding
Affinity matching. The selection of species of birds often uses non-inbreeding mating, which means that the breeding birds do not have kinship within 3 generations. However, in order to consolidate some good traits, full-sib or half-sib inbreeding can be used.
Homogeneous matching. Male and female breeders with the same performance are selected for mating.
Age matching. The use of older male ostrich mates with young female ostriches can increase fertility rates.
Male and female males with excellent male and female ratios can mate 5 times a day, and sexual desires can reach more than 8 times a day. Therefore, a male ostrich can be equipped with 4 to 5 female ostriches. However, in order to achieve the best breeding effect, the ratio of male to female is preferably 1:3. Under captive breeding conditions, male ostriches do not have obvious selectivity for their spouses, so they can be adapted at any time depending on production needs. During the breeding season, 1 male and 3 females were used to make a breeding unit.
Daily management
Due to the poor temperature keeping ability and thermoregulatory capacity of the young ostrich, the temperature in the incubator is controlled between 35°C and 32°C in the first 5 days of chickling, and descends from 2°C to 3°C every week until 9 weeks of age. It is reduced to approximately 18°C ​​to 20°C, and the nursery can store 6°C in a low incubator.
Humidity newly hatched chicks contain a lot of moisture in the body, the appropriate humidity is conducive to swelling, and does not cause dehydration, the general humidity control in 60% to 70%, in the high temperature and rainy season to diligently change the mat pad.
Ventilation of a large amount of excreta can produce a strong irritating gas, which is harmful to the eyes and respiratory tract of young ostriches.
Lighting To ensure that young chicks less than 6 weeks of age are actively feeding at night, it is best to use 100-watt incandescent bulbs for lighting bulbs. After 2 months of age, if the young ostrich develops normally, there is no need to turn on the lights at night.
Scientific feeding
Since ostriches are susceptible to diseases during brooding and thus have a low survival rate, it is necessary to adopt a scientific method when managing young ostriches, and to manage them in accordance with the living habits of young ostriches.
Open water to eat. The young ostriches can provide nutrients for the first 3 to 5 days after hatching. Generally, young ostriches begin to supply drinking water and feed at 3 days of age. If there are several hatchlings in the same batch, the chicks will generally take the lead in drinking water, and if only one hatches, they will need to induce feeding. At the age of 5 days, the newborn ostriches can release the incubator. Feeding the drinking water is guided by the larger chicks. The green food must be meticulously cut. When the green material is too dry, it can be moistened with water and then mixed in. In the concentrate, 3% to 5% of multidimensional glucose water is given to the newborn chicks in the first 3 to 5 days.
Feeding. Feeds should be fed less frequently, especially in the hot and humid seasons. The chicks like to eat green feed, generally adopting the method of mixing green materials several times in the concentrate to increase the feed intake of the young ostrich. Because of their poor ability to use crude fiber, young ostriches are used to feed bitter leeks, pak choi, etc., to young birds less than 2 months of age, instead of using grasses for fear of causing indigestion. The green material for young chicks is best not to use sweet potato leaves, because the sweet potato leaves produce wind and gas, which is unfavorable to individuals with poor health.
The green-green feedstuffs that young chicks feed include quail, clover leaves, cabbage leaves, lettuce leaves, and carrots. However, the feed should be washed, dried, chopped, and then fed. The chopped meal, green feed containing unsterile pesticides and unclean stalks should be banned. Feed 4 to 5 times daily. With the increase of the age of birds, the amount of feed for green feed should also be gradually increased. The amount of roughage for young ostriches up to 3 months can account for 40%, and the ostrich concentrate can still contain about 50% of grass powder, but it is necessary to prevent fine feed. Too much feeding increases the weight of young ostriches too quickly, resulting in osteoarticular changes and leg problems.
Since the feedstuffs eaten by ostriches can be grated in the muscles and stomachs, each ostrich bird is replenished with 4 to 5 insoluble grits washed and air-dried every day from the 2nd week after hatching.
Disease prevention and treatment
1 to 3 days old ostrich chicks should use iodine as umbilical disinfection, not less than 3 times a day, the umbilical contraction of chicks should also be applied to the umbilical rifampicin ointment to prevent inflammation of the omphalitis. The correction of the deformed toes of young ostriches should begin at 2 to 3 days of age, and the "bundle correction method" is commonly used. In order to not affect the blood flow and leg development of the chick's foot, it is necessary to replace and enlarge the foot ring mark in time. In view of the susceptibility of young ostriches to Newcastle disease, the daily feeding and management work should carefully observe the activities, mental status, diet, and excrement of the young crickets. In accordance with the principle of “early, fast, strict, and smallâ€, the disease should be controlled as soon as possible. The sick chicks were treated promptly.
Suction blood vessel is also called vacuum collection blood vessel, according to the type of a total of nine categories. The details are as follows :1. Red head cover, no additives, used for the determination of some biochemical and immune indicators. 2. Yellow head cover, containing coagulant, can be used for biochemical and drug test determination. 3. Black cap, which is mainly used for the determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. 4. Light blue cap for the determination of coagulation factors. 5. Green cap for blood gas analysis and hematocrit measurement. 6. Light green head cover, liver function, blood lipid, blood sugar and so on were measured. 7. Grey cap, which is a special test tube for measuring blood sugar. 8. Purple head cover, mostly used for determination, blood type, blood routine, glycosylated hemoglobin and so on. 9 orange head cover, used for the determination of serum, hormones and so on.
Type of blood vessel extraction:
1, red head cover, no additives, used for the determination of some biochemical and immune indicators.
2, yellow head cap contains coagulant, can be used for the determination of biochemical and drug tests.
3. Black cap, which is mostly used for determining erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
4. Light blue cap for the measurement of blood coagulation factor.
5, green head cap, for gas and blood analysis, hematocrit measurement.
6, light green head cover, liver function, blood lipid, blood sugar and so on.
7. Grey cap. This is a special test tube for measuring blood sugar.
8, purple head cover is used for determination, blood type, blood routine, glycosylated hemoglobin and so on.
9, orange head cover, mostly used for serum, hormone and other measurements.
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