Peanuts are one of the main cash crops in rural areas in the hilly areas in the east and north of the county. In the 1970s and 1980s, the planting area once reached 20,000 hectares. With the improvement of water conservancy conditions, some plots have been replaced by crops such as paddy rice, and the permanent planting area is now about 6667 hectares. After many years of production practice and the summary of a large number of agricultural technicians, it laid the foundation for the pollution-free production of peanuts in our county. Now the main types of pests and the main points of pollution-free plant protection technology in our county are summarized as follows. First, the main pest occurrence type 1, peanut stalk rot: The disease is a disease caused by fungi, mostly in the main stem of the first branch or root disease in the upper middle of the disease, the peak incidence of the middle and late June and 8 Early month. The severity of the disease is closely related to seed quality, cultivation conditions, climate, etc. The incidence of disease is heavy with the use of mold seed, organic fertilizer with pathogens, continuous cropping of peanuts, and early sowing. 2. Peanut root rot: The disease is caused by a fungus. Seedlings can emerge after unearthing. A yellowish-brown spot appeared on the surface of the stem near the soil surface, and then turned into a dark brown color. The aboveground part lost water and wilted, and gradually withered. The occurrence of the disease is closely related to the texture of the soil. In general, the incidence of sandy land is light, and the occurrence of yellow clay is heavy; the soil with deep soil and good water permeability is light. Heavy rain suddenly fine, the incidence of continuous cropping of peanuts is heavy. 3. Bacterial wilt of peanuts: The disease is a disease caused by bacteria. It can occur from the seedling stage to the harvesting stage. In the upper part of the diseased plant, the first part showed water loss, which was usually the first wilting in the second leaf of the main stem or the darkness of the lateral branches and top leaves. After 1-2 days, the leaves of the whole plant withered from top to bottom and the leaf color faded. The organization remains green, so it is "blue and white." In the wet condition, the stems are dissected, and it is common to have turbid milky white bacterial liquids that can be excreted by hand. 7 to 15 days from the onset of disease to death, severe plant death can be 2-3 days. 4. Peanut aphids: Peanut aphids occur at the seedling stage and flowering stage. Adults and nymphs cluster on peanut leaves, buds, stalks, and fruit needles to make the leaves yellow and curl, grow stagnant, and the plants are short. At the same time affect the formation of flower buds and the normal development of pods, resulting in reduced production of peanuts. 5. Peanut pods: Peanut pods mainly kill germinating seeds at the seeding stage, bite off the roots and shoots of the seedlings, and the fractures are tidy and truncated, often causing the seedlings to die, and the seedlings are often cut short of ridges, but the cultivars are destroyed. The fruit that damages the peanuts during the fruiting period will cause fruit damage and cause germination and rot. In severe cases, the loss of yield may be more than 50%. Second, pollution-free plant protection technology 1, the choice of planting bases: the establishment of a production base in a pollution-free ecological environment, the implementation of the rotation of crops and drought or peanuts and corn, cotton rotation, can not be with hawthorn, soybean rotation. If conditions permit, deepwater can be poured for more than 15 days before sowing, which can effectively kill underground pests in the soil and reduce germs. In the production process, the diseased plants must be removed in a timely manner and treated in a centralized manner so that the fields can be cleaned. 2. Selection of peanut seeds: Select disease-resistant varieties that are suitable for local climatic conditions and have better comprehensive traits, such as varieties such as Huaihua No. 2 and Luhua 11 and introduce them in large areas. The demonstration work should be done well before introduction. To choose peanuts that have no mildew and good color as seeds. 3, timely early sowing, reasonable close planting: peanuts grow longer, should be appropriate early sowing, fight for early hair, nurturing strong seedlings. Spring sowing peanuts planted in early April, mulching film can also be appropriate to advance to meet the peanut temperature requirements, to avoid the peak pest damage, reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, but also listed in advance to improve planting efficiency. Years of practice have shown that the plastic film is 100 cm wide, with 4 rows per plant and 2 sown plants with a 15 cm spacing. 4. Strengthen fertilizer and water management: Scientific fertilization can not only improve the growth status of crops, but also improve the disease resistance of crops and compensation ability after victimization. Fertilizers are mainly organic fertilizers, farmyard fertilizers, and biological fertilizers. It is forbidden to use river mud that has been contaminated by industrial wastes that have been polluted by industrial “three wastesâ€. It is forbidden to use polluted water as irrigation water and control the use of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizers. Reduce the content of heavy metals, nitrates, and nitrites and reduce the amount of harmful organisms. Applying basic fertilizer, applying 1000-1500 kg of fertilizer per 667 square meters, and applying 40-50 kg of superphosphate, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, and applying it to the soil as a base fertilizer. The farmyard fertilizer should be fully cooked to prevent colonization, and the result of the needle-sticking should be dry and should be properly irrigated. 5, reasonable control of pests: pollution-free peanuts on the plant protection requirements, in order to minimize the use of pesticides and the number of uses, in the general occurrence of diseases and pests, physical and mechanical control should be adopted. Using the phototaxis of insects, during the occurrence period of adult beetles, incandescent lamps and high-pressure mercury lamps are used to trap and kill adult worms to reduce the number of adult worms; using the tendency of locusts to color, hanging yellow plates in the field during the seedling growth period, trapping and killing winged plagues. Reduce the amount of aphids. Pests can also be used to entice the tropism of certain substances. For example, killing chafers with poplar branches is one of the methods to reduce the number of grasshoppers in the field. 6, scientific use of pesticides: When the occurrence of pests and diseases is more serious, the promotion of high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue pesticides and biological pesticides for prevention and control. When Beauveria bassiana was used for seed dressing and soil treatment, 1.0 kg of Beauveria bassiana was used for soil treatment per 667 square meters. The use of methamidophos, omethoate, carbofuran, and other highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is absolutely prohibited. To be able to pick and cure is not a rule. Prevention and control of diseases and insecticides mainly to control aphids with imidacloprid pesticides on the water spray. Strictly control the number of uses and methods of use of pesticides, and pay attention to the use of rotation to delay the resistance of pests. At the same time, comprehensively promote the use of advanced pharmaceuticals and implement "precise and accurate" pesticide application techniques to reduce the waste of pesticides and the pollution of pesticides to the environment and improve the availability and effectiveness of pesticides. The use of pesticides is prohibited 15 days before harvest to protect the agro-ecology and ensure compliance with pollution-free product standards. (Huang Qiang, Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Feidong County, Anhui Province)
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