The experiment shows that the tomato has adopted the “three high and three provinces†cultivation effect, and under the current unfavorable factor of a 10% increase in the price of the means of production, the mu saves the production cost of 87 yuan. “Three high and three provinces†refers to the high yield, high quality, high efficiency, labor saving and cost saving. In 2004, the vegetable technical service station of Wuhan City organized the implementation of “three high and three provinces cultivation mode†tomato project in Shuangliu Street, Xinzhou District, and achieved better results. Social and economic benefits. The average yield per mu of spring tomato is 4,800 kilograms per month, and the per mu output value is about 6,000 yuan. Compared with the same period in 2003, the output increased by 27.39% and the income increased by 2,145 yuan. The effect is very obvious. Summarizing its production experience is: to meet the market is not blindly early, strictly in accordance with the requirements of the green food standard planting, improve the quality while increasing production, promote the use of new technologies, reduce overall ineffective investment, thereby reducing production costs. The comprehensive introduction is as follows: 1. Selecting the right variety, timely raising seedlings, cultivating strong seedlings After many years of exploration and practice, select the spring tomato varieties suitable for local shed cultivation, such as cooperation 903, which is characterized by high yield and good fruit shape, large round Positive, fruit red, uniform coloring, high-quality disease resistance, sweet taste, fruit Qi is not cracked fruit, thick flesh thick skin resistant to storage and transportation. It is generally appropriate to sow in mid-November, and about 20 grams per mu need to be planted. Seed treatment before sowing: seed soaked in warm water at 55 °C for 15 minutes, and stirring constantly, then soaked in clean water for 3-5 hours, picked up and drained, according to 10% Shi Le 1: The proportion of 100 kinds of medicines is seeded and then germinated under the conditions of 25-30°C with gauze. After half of the seeds are whitened, they can be directly sowed on the seedbed. 10 grams per square meter sown, cover 0.5 cm thick nutritious soil. Prepare nutrient soil in advance, select 1500 kg of disease-free vegetable garden soil per acre, add 5 kg of cake fertilizer and 5 kg of organic biological fertilizer, mix and stack for 1 month, and put it into a 10 cm 10 cm plastic nutrition bowl, in December In the middle, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, grab the cold tail warm head and move it into the nutrient bowl. When removing the seedlings, remove the inferior seedlings and false hybrids. When transplanting the seedlings, we must pour the root water, and the root water can be used in combination with the stunt. With control of leggy (1 50% Chlorotharone 10 ml water 60 kg). A small shed is used inside the greenhouse to protect against cold and heat during the whole period of breeding. The temperature at night is not lower than 15°C to facilitate differentiation of flower buds. 7 days before planting, pay attention to ventilation and cooling, strengthen hardening seedlings. The seedling age is about 25 days, and it is easy to grow into a stiff seedling when it is too long. The criteria for strong seedlings are that the plants are short, stout stems, and dark leaves. Second, the fine soil preparation, soil testing and fertilization, after the application of sufficient base fertilizer crops after the harvest, the timely cleaning of the garden, combined with the application of the base fertilizer two ploughing. In the implementation of the cultivation of tomato “three highs and three provinces†in Shuangliu Street of Xinzhou District, the first use of the Huanghe brand rotary cultivator deep-turned about 30 centimeters and then re-flattened, more soil samples taken to detect nutrients, the result is a serious shortage of nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer Insufficient, there is more than phosphate (localities can be based on the local soil fertility, soil fertigation). Accordingly, 2000 kg per hectare of composted manure plus 60 kg of compound organic bio-organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and the second shallow ploughing is about 20 cm in combination with ditching and then replenishing. According to 1.2 meters wide for 畦 (baggage ditch), 畦 surface width 70 cm, sulcus width 50 cm, sulcus depth 25 cm. Immerse the water once before dunking. Build bamboo sheds with a width of 4 to 5 meters and a height of 1.8 meters. The distance between the bamboo frames should not exceed 70 centimeters. The bars should be fixed by three vertical posts and the length of the shed should not exceed 60 meters. Third, the entire film coverage, rational dense planting, warming in advance cover shed warming, nursery shed in mid-November film, production shed in mid-January buckle film. The surface is covered with a black mulch, which plays a role in keeping the grass warm. Tianmao adopts an EVA multifunctional film with a thickness of 0.06mm. Compared with ordinary polyethylene film, it can effectively eliminate the blocking of the shed in winter, in addition to high light transmittance, rapid temperature rise, good heat preservation effect, and long drip holding period. The easy-to-produce fog, thus inhibiting the occurrence of diseases, can also reduce ultraviolet radiation in the greenhouse, increase the absorption of blue light or red light by tomatoes, increase the utilization of sunlight, and increase the photosynthesis of tomatoes. Should pay attention to the label on the surface of the buckle shed, positive and negative can not be wrong, in order to ensure the function of various functions. Gradually clear the sunny planting at the end of January and early February, when the tomato has more than 7 leaves (with flower buds), each planting two lines, according to the width of 72 cm, narrow line 48 cm, 30 cm spacing, acres of planting 3800 About the strain. During planting, the root water should be planted and planted. During the first week of planting, the greenhouse should be kept warm to facilitate the seedlings. After 7 days, the membranes at both ends can be gradually ventilated. The small arch can be opened and the light can be removed. Keep the temperature inside the booth at 20-25°C during the day and 15°C or more at night. In case of rainy days, pay attention to ventilation, control humidity and reduce the occurrence of diseases. In case of cold waves and frost, small arch sheds are needed to cover the insulation to prevent freezing damage to the tomatoes. Fourth, plans to stay fruit, do not use hormones, improve quality After planting and survival, pruning and arranging vines in time should be timely. When the plant height is 30-40 cm, the “human†shaped support should be established in time, and then the vines should be tied so that the branches can be evenly distributed. A culm half-pruning method is generally used to retain the first branch of the first flower. In addition to side branches, good weather should be selected. Branches to be removed should be removed below 10 cm, and branches should be avoided when the branches are too long. When the branches are too long, the branches will not only consume plant nutrition, but also the wounds are too susceptible to diseases. The main stalks of three spikes topping, lateral branches and one spike topping, and timely wipe buds. Pay special attention to thinning and fruit thinning, and choose 2-3 without deformity as the fruit after the first flower is set. Do not use tomato spirit, 2,4-D, etc. Flowers or malformed fruits that are hypothermia. After the second spike, there are more results. If it grows, there will be uneven size of the fruit and more substandard products. Even if it is high-yield, it will affect the market price. Therefore, it is necessary to resolutely thin the fruit and fruit, generally every spike. Keep fruit 3-4. Early tomatoes are often marketed at a high price because they are not popular with consumers. Therefore, the first fruit should not be requested as early as possible; the latter should be eliminated by consumers because of the low price of causality. The medium-term yield and the latter period should be sought. Big fruit. When the fruit of tomato is ripe for whitening, it cannot be ripened with ethephon, and it should turn naturally on the plant. When 3/4 area of ​​tomato fruit turns red, it is the best harvest time. V. Green production, organic fertilizer application, and less use of pesticides in accordance with the standards of green food production management, the entire tomato growing season, without fertilizer, only use pesticides once. Due to the low temperature in the early period, irrigation is not conducive to the growth of roots. In the early spring, it is not necessary to replenish the water. After the first flower is set to fruit, it can be combined with top dressing and watered 3 times. Each time, 250 to 400 kg/mu of composted manure is applied, and the former is light and heavy. , First thin and thick. After the harvest of the second set of fruit, the combination of irrigated and re-applied once-fighting fertilizer was applied to decompose 800 kg of manure per mu. Afterwards, irrigation and topdressing are no longer carried out, which not only controls the humidity in the shelter, reduces the occurrence of diseases, but also adjusts the soil moisture and prevents cracking of the shoulders. During the whole growing season, we must strengthen the drainage of the trenches outside the shed and prevent the accumulation of water in the fields. The spring tomato does not suffer from insect pests, and often suffers serious diseases such as gray mold and early blight, and the key to prevention and control is prevention. The air humidity in the shed is reduced as much as possible, and the temperature and temperature are protected from frost and frostbite. The use of 1 10% Shigao bactericidal agent can be used as the case may be, and 60 gram of water per acre with a uniform spray of 45 kg of foliar should be applied. It should be carried out at noon on sunny days, and cannot be used in excess. After fruiting, pesticides can no longer be used.
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