American shell pecan, also known as pecans and longevity fruit, originated in the United States and Mexico, and was introduced to China in the early 20th century. The thin-shelled pecan tree has a natural life span of more than 500 years, and has benefited from one generation of tree planting and multiple generations. In recent years, Anhui Province attaches great importance to the promotion of the US thin-shelled pecan industry, speeding up the integration of processing, marketing and other production, supply and marketing systems, and building thin-shelled pecans into the agricultural brand and characteristic industry of Fengxian County. In order to make the land income and production management cost smoothly transition to the income period of thin-shelled pecans, the inter-planting model of the American thin-shelled pecan forest is analyzed as follows.
1 intercropping mode
Changfeng County has a planting area of ​​2 853.33 hm 2 and a planting base of about 20, and the patterns and crops of interplanting in different bases are different, for example, with corn, red buckwheat, hawthorn, and pumpkin. Intercropping of soybeans, watermelons and other crops. However, considering the employment, climate, market price fluctuations, etc., thin shell pecans and red buckwheat and soybean intercropping are more suitable for Changfeng County.
1.1 Interplanting red buckwheat
The advantage of interplanting red buckwheat is that it is adaptable and simple to manage. Nowadays, most of the main business entities in Changfeng County have or share grain drying equipment. The harvest of red buckwheat is less and less affected by climatic factors, and red buckwheat red buckwheat
1.1.1 Cultivation points
It is recommended to choose red buckwheat varieties in Changfeng County. Thin shell pecans are cultivated from December of the previous year to February of the second year, and red buckwheat is planted in April each year. The whole growth period is 120 days, and the planting is carried out on April 25th. The sowing is carried out by machine seeding, the row spacing is 25 cm, and the seeding amount is 0.5 kg/mu. The base fertilizer is 750 kg/hm 2 with 45% red tetra compound fertilizer. In the later stage, according to the actual production situation, the control of pests and diseases such as Plutella xylostella and soybean phthalocyanine was done.
1.1.2 Benefit measurement. The profit is 30,000 yuan / hm 2 .
1.2 Interplanting soy beans
1.2.1 Cultivation points
The soybean variety is the soybean variety Hedou 19 which was selected by the Agricultural Academy of Heze City, Shandong Province and passed the national trial. The whole growth period of the variety is 105 days, the pod height is 14 cm, and the mature pod is not broken, which is convenient for mechanical harvesting. At 6 payables, the mechanical seeding rate is 75.0~112.5 kg/hm 2 . The base fertilizer is 45% compound fertilizer 225 kg/hm 2 . At the same time, the boron, zinc and molybdenum trace elements were sprayed 1-2 times in the flower pod stage combined with the disease prevention and control of the leaf surface.
1.2.2 Benefit Estimation
The total cost is 3 987.6 yuan / hm 2 , including the cost of beans 684 yuan / hm 2 , the cost of rotary tillage, machine seeding, trenching, fertilization is 1 125 yuan / hm 2 , base fertilizer 450 yuan / hm 2 , herbicide (including labor Machinery costs) 375 yuan / hm 2, pest and disease control and spraying of trace elements costs 375 yuan / hm 2, harvesting and transportation costs 825 yuan / hm 2, soybean drying costs 153.6 yuan / hm 2 . The sales income was 9 216 yuan / hm 2 and the profit was 5 228.4 yuan / hm 2 .
2 Total Benefit Analysis of Interplanting of Red Wheat and Soybean
From the specific benefit analysis of the above two crops, the total benefit is 35 228.4 yuan / hm 2 . In order to vigorously develop the thin-shell pecan industry in Changfeng County, the county party committee and county government issued relevant support policies in a timely manner to encourage the development of the thin-shell pecan industry, and reward the implementation of the following items: 1 Use two-year-old and above excellent seedlings Afforestation of 2 hm 2 or more, after passing the inspection, it will be awarded 9 000 yuan / hm 2 per year for 5 consecutive years; 2 returning farmland to forest after the expiration of the second round of awards policy, and updating the planted thin shell mountain after approval Walnuts, after passing the inspection, enjoy the continuous reward and subsidy policy; 3 Complete the 6.7 hm 2 or more supportive seedling breeding base, and after passing the inspection, enjoy the continuous reward and subsidy policy; 4 Complete the standardization demonstration base 33.3 hm 2 or more, after inspection After passing the qualification, in addition to enjoying the continuous reward and subsidy policy, a one-off award of 300,000 yuan will be given.
3 thoughts
The reason why most of the main business entities in Changfeng County choose the above intercropping mode is mainly because the two crops have large planting area and long planting time in Changfeng County, and both crops are suitable for mechanized sowing and harvesting, which indirectly solves the present problem. The problem of tight employment and expensive labor in rural areas. As the thin-shell pecans continue to advance along the growing season, it is necessary to actively explore whether it is possible to plant mushrooms (grass) under the forest, develop aquaculture, and develop tourism and service industries.
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