The small arch shed is a big sweet and good quality, which is very popular among consumers. Several factors on how to improve the yield and quality of watermelon in small arches are analyzed and suggested.
I. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield and quality of watermelon
A sufficient amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the basis for high yield of watermelon. Nitrogen is a component of proteins, nucleic acids in plants, or a component of chlorophyll. The supply of nitrogen is sufficient, and more protein can be synthesized to promote the increase of leaf area, which is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter and the formation of yield. Nitrogen is supplied too much, photosynthetic products are used for growth, and most of the sugar in watermelon is forced to be used for protein synthesis, so the sugar content is low. Adequate phosphate fertilizer can promote the growth and development of the plant, promote the development of watermelon roots, flower bud differentiation, make it early flowering, early sitting, early maturity. Conducive to the accumulation of substances, promote the metabolism of carbohydrates, and increase the content of soluble sugar in watermelon. Potassium is a catalyst for a variety of enzymes in plants, promoting photosynthesis and facilitating the synthesis of sugar and starch. It can increase the rate of assimilation products moving to storage and prolong the storage time of assimilation products in the library.
Second, leaf area and leaf area index
The parts of plants that undergo photosynthesis are mainly green leaves. The size and quality of watermelon leaf area, the length of maintenance directly affects the level of production and quality. The test proved that the result has more than 40 functional leaves at the peak, with a leaf area of ​​5000-7000 square centimeters, which can form about 5 kilograms of fruit. As a result, when the maximum leaf area is reached during the peak period, the leaf area index of the field is preferably 1.5-1.8. Ensuring a certain leaf area and reasonable leaf area index is the key to increasing fruit shape, yield and sugar content. The measures taken in production are: (1) Rational fertilizer management before the fruiting period to prevent madness, promote vegetative growth, and form a certain leaf area and leaf area index during the fruit setting period. (2) Pruning method: The whole branch is mainly composed of three vines, and the two vines are supplemented to ensure that the leaf area and leaf area index of the watermelon are suitable when the fruit is placed, so that the melon is neat and the management is consistent, and the melon has good commercial property. (3) Fruit setting: The fruit setting is related to the size of the fruit shape and is well known to the farmers. The experiment showed that the optimal fruit setting node of watermelon in small arch shed was the second female flower or the third female flower. The festival is 10-15 knots. The fruit setting is too high, indicating that the vegetative growth is too strong, and the nutrient consumption is unnecessary; while the fruit setting is too low, the vegetative growth is poor, affecting the expansion of the fruit. The first female flower (root melon) on the main vine is fruit-bearing, and the organic matter synthesized is correspondingly reduced due to the small leaf area of ​​the plant. In addition, organic matter is always transported from a large number of synthetic sources to actively growing parts or a large collection of storage organs for accumulated substances. After fruit setting, vegetative growth is inhibited and falls. Therefore, the root melon is not shaped correctly, the yield is low, and the quality is poor.
Third, the type and amount of fertilizer
The yield and sweetness of watermelon are not the amount of fertilizer or organic fertilizer applied. The key lies in rational fertilization and formula fertilization.
1. Types of fertilizer: The best way to produce fertilizer for watermelon is to mix the application of decomposed organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The type of decomposed organic fertilizer is best in chicken manure, cake fertilizer and pig manure. Organic fertilizer is a nutrient-complete fertilizer that can supply soil microbes with carbon sources, improve soil biological activity, and promote the conversion of plant nutrients in the soil. However, the shortcoming of organic fertilizer is that the fertilizer is slow, and it is difficult to supply nutrients in large quantities in a timely manner. After applying fertilizer, it can be used to complement each other to meet the nutrient needs of the crops in each growing season.
2. Dosage: The production practice of watermelon proves that each 100 kg of watermelon needs to absorb 0.19 kg of nitrogen, 0.092 kg of phosphorus and 0.136 kg of potassium. During the period of strong nutrient growth, watermelon absorbs most nitrogen, followed by potassium, while potassium is most absorbed after sitting on the melon, followed by nitrogen. The target yield of 5000 kilograms of watermelon per acre requires 9.5 kilograms of nitrogen, 4.6 kilograms of phosphorus and 6.8 kilograms of potassium. In actual production, after using the instrument to determine the content of alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the nutrient content should be reduced by subtracting the nutrient content of the soil from the target yield. After the amount of fertilizer applied is determined, the amount of organic fertilizer and fertilizer required is estimated according to the ratio of organic to inorganic nitrogen by 1:(0.4-1). At the same time, watermelon fertilization should master the principle of “applying base fertilizer, applying light or not applying seedling fertilizer, applying vine fertilizer, and applying cascading fertilizerâ€.
Fourth, water management
The root system of watermelon is widely distributed and can absorb and utilize the deep water of the soil, while the shoots have drought-tolerant crops. However, watermelon grows rapidly, leaves are flourishing, yield is high, and the water content of the fruit is high, so the water consumption is large. The experiment showed that the field water holding capacity was 65% in the seedling stage, 70% in the vine growing period, and 75% in the fruit expansion period. The sensitive period of watermelon to soil moisture is: before and after the opening of the female flower in the fruit setting period, if the water is insufficient, the female flower bud is small, the ovary is small, affecting the fruit setting; the second is the fruit expansion period, such as insufficient soil moisture, affecting the fruit growth. To make the fruit small and the yield low. Therefore, in production, it is recommended to fill two waters, one vine, and the first female flower is watered before opening. At this time, the water volume should be small to prevent the ground temperature from being lowered; and the second fruit water, when the fruit grows to the size of the egg, is watered to meet the rapid fruit. The need to expand. It should be noted that watermelon should not be watered too much, otherwise it will affect the fruit setting and sugar content of watermelon.
Fifth, increase lighting
Watermelon is a crop that needs more light. At higher temperature and continuous sunlight, the total leaf area increased, showing compact plant shape, short internodes and petiole, thick vines, large and thick leaves, strong green leaves, strong growth and high assimilation efficiency. Small arched watermelon is a kind of early maturing cultivation. Sowing every year in late March and removing the film in mid-May. Adopting double-film cover cultivation, prolonging the photosynthetic time and improving the utilization of light energy. But to a certain extent, it affects the light intensity. The temperature in the daytime from the end of April to the middle of May in our district can fully satisfy the vegetative growth of watermelon. In the production process, according to the weather conditions, flexible control, when the minimum temperature reaches 10 °C during the day, you can remove the film during the day, cover at night, increase the light intensity, in order to facilitate the synthesis and accumulation of more dry matter.
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