At present, persimmon cultivation in China mainly promotes sweet persimmon varieties such as Yangfeng and Zaoqiu, which have good quality, high nutritional value and economic value, and are easy to manage. The production of sweet persimmons is generally carried out by grafting. After grafting, the characteristics of excellent varieties can be maintained and the results can be early.
1. Rootstock selection
Sweet persimmon rootstock mainly includes Junqianzi, wild persimmon or cultivated persimmon. It is generally possible to sow and cultivate rootstock seedlings or use persimmon trees with poor results as rootstocks.
2. Scion collection
Grafted scion can be collected after deciduous and before germination. Take full-grown annual branches or fruiting branches around the crown of the canopy, arrange them and put them in the cold room or moisturizing sand storage. The temperature and humidity of the scion during storage must be guaranteed.
The scion used for bud grafting should be harvested in the spring and summer when the full-grown buds germinated in the middle and lower parts of the thick annual branches are taken as the buds. If necessary, the scion can be inserted in the water for 1 to 2 days.
3. Grafting
1. Grafting period
The grafting should be carried out when the rootstock sap flows, the buds have germinated, and the scion is in the dormant period (the north is generally in the first half of April). The appropriate time for budding is that the rootstock and scion are peeled, and the budding is carried out in real time.
2. Grafting method
There are two main methods of grafting and bud grafting. The grafting adopts splitting, cutting, abdomen, etc .; the bud grafting adopts embedded bud grafting, "Gong" shaped bud grafting, etc. The grafting scion should be wax sealed.
3. Management after grafting
Check the survival status 10 to 15 days after grafting, make timely repairs, and then loosen and untie, cut the anvil, wipe the buds to remove the germination, stand uprights, soil and fertilizer water management and pest control, etc., to cultivate strong seedlings.
4. Seedlings emerge from the nursery
Water well before seedlings to add moisture to seedlings; after seedlings, do root repair, grading, strapping, moisturizing, packaging and other work. When the seedlings cannot be shipped out or planted immediately after the seedlings are planted, fake planting is carried out.
5. Planting
Based on comprehensive consideration of the business direction, market supply and demand, local natural conditions, cultivation habits and the characteristics of the variety, determine the main varieties. For the development of sweet persimmon varieties, attention should be paid to configuring pollinators, which account for about 10%. The planting density is suitable for hilly mountain persimmon orchards with plant row spacing of 2 m to 3 m × 4 m to 5 m, and for higher fertility flat land persimmon orchards with plant row spacing of 3 m to 4 m × 5 m to 6 m.
Persimmon trees are generally autumn plants (before and after falling leaves) or spring plants (from January to March). In North China, it is easier to survive when the seedlings of the persimmon trees are expanded by the shoots above the ground (i.e., at the budding stage). In areas that are not too cold in winter, autumn is better, but cold protection must be done.
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