It is very important to manage crops in greenhouses. Proper management can prevent diseases, promote yield increase, and improve the effectiveness of chemical control. The growth of greenhouse melon crops is closely related to temperature, moisture, nutrients, light, gas and so on. This is the focus of greenhouse management.
First, timely curtain
In winter, the sunshine time is short and the light intensity is weak. In order to make full use of the sun, the greenhouse curtains usually have to strive for earlier. After the curtain is uncovered, the temperature naturally drops by about 2 °C in a short time (10-20 minutes), and then starts to rise again, which is regarded as suitable time; if the temperature rises straight after the curtain is opened, it means that the curtain is late and there is a phenomenon of wasting light time; The temperature drop after the curtain is widened, indicating that the curtain is early. It is very dangerous to see the light suddenly after a long time without revealing the curtain!
Generally, after the morning sun shines on the whole shed, the curtain should be pulled in time. If the outside temperature is too low, the curtain time can be appropriately postponed to prevent the shed from freezing. As long as the temperature is not very low in the snowy days, it is necessary to uncover the curtains in time to use the scattered light to increase the illumination.
The sudden intrusion of cold air and the occurrence of low temperature and continuous weather will minimize the minimum temperature in the greenhouse. Generally, the extreme temperature in the greenhouse will appear at the end of several days of cloudy days. To this end, even after the cloudy weather ends, it is necessary to pull the curtains at the right time to solve the problem of cold and hungry crops; when the temperature is high at noon, it is not too late.
Second, air replacement
Depending on the temperature outside the temperature, the size of the air outlet and the air replacement time are determined. Generally, the air outlet is opened 5 to 10 cm. After 5 to 10 minutes, the air outlet is warmed. This will remove harmful gases from the greenhouse and supplement carbon dioxide. Although the indoor temperature will drop slightly in a short time, the indoor temperature will increase rapidly after the air outlet is closed.
Third, clean the shed
Light is the main source of heat in the solar greenhouse. After the short-wave radiation of the sun penetrates into the greenhouse, it is absorbed by the ground, walls, greenhouses, cultivated crops and air, transforms the solar radiant energy into heat, and then radiates heat to the greenhouse space in the form of long-wave radiation, so that the air in the greenhouse Heat is obtained from walls, structural components and crops.
Light is also a source of energy necessary for photosynthesis in green plants. In winter and spring, the more sunlight that penetrates into the greenhouse, the higher the temperature, the more vigorous the photosynthesis activity, and the better the crop.
Insufficient illumination, low temperature and high humidity are beneficial to the occurrence and prevalence of high-humidity diseases such as tomato late blight, cucumber downy mildew, eggplant blight, pepper brown leaf disease and gray mold.
During the use of the greenhouse shed film, dust is adsorbed by static electricity, film exudate and wind, thereby blocking, absorbing and reflecting light, and also affecting light transmittance.
For this reason, in addition to the high-quality shed film with good light transmission, anti-fog property, drooling, cleanability and durability, it is best to use a soft cleaning tool and carefully wipe it after pulling up the curtain every morning and replacing the air. Dust, debris and other debris on the film surface to maintain a high transmittance of the film, in order to facilitate crop photosynthesis and greenhouse warming and drainage.
Fourth, warming and venting
Solanaceous vegetables: The optimum temperature during the day is 20 to 25 °C, and the maximum temperature is not more than 30 °C. Melons: The optimum temperature during the day is 25-30 °C, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 35 °C.
When entering the greenhouse, pay attention to the temperature. When the indoor temperature reaches 25~30°C, the air will start to drain and dehumidify (the air outlet should be gradually enlarged); when the indoor temperature drops to 20°C, the air pressure will be raised and the temperature will rise to 25~30°C, and the air will continue to be ventilated. (The tuyere should also be gradually enlarged). Every day at noon, if conditions permit, it is better to drain 2 times.
Fifth, increase the night temperature
Tomato is suitable for night temperature 15～10°C, lower limit 5°C; eggplant is suitable for night temperature 18～13°C, lower limit 10°C; pepper is suitable for night temperature 21～15°C, lower limit 12°C; cucumber is suitable for night temperature 15～10°C, lower limit 8 °C; watermelon suitable for night temperature 18 ~ 13 ° C, the lower limit of 10 ° C; melon suitable for night temperature 23 ~ 18 ° C, the lower limit of 15 ° C.
The lower the nighttime temperature in the greenhouse, the earlier the dew condensation time and the heavier the condensation, which is very beneficial to the germination and invasion of high-humidity diseases.
Every morning after going to the shed, first enter the shed to see the indoor temperature. If it is lower than 12 °C, you should pay attention to the implementation of temperature storage, heat preservation and temperature increase measures to improve the night temperature and control the time and extent of nighttime condensation in the greenhouse.
1, storage temperature
Temperature storage is the basic measure to increase night temperature. According to the weather conditions, the wind inlet should be covered in the afternoon. Especially before the strong cooling, be sure to close the air outlet early, try to increase the temperature inside the shed.
2, insulation
Insulation is a key measure to increase night temperature. The goal is to reduce the amount of heat spent in the solar greenhouse so that the stored temperature is saved as much as possible or lost.
It is necessary to implement the insulation measures in front of the shed, cover the curtains in time, cover the single-layer or double-layer old shed film, and hang the thick curtains on the shed door to minimize the heat loss in the shed.
3, warming
In the case of strong cooling, or snow and rain, the minimum temperature in the solar greenhouse during the night is often lower than the minimum temperature required for crop growth and development, resulting in "heat deficit", resulting in cold damage or even freezing damage.
Through the storage and heat preservation measures, when the night temperature in the shed is still low and there is a “heat deficitâ€, the installation of iodine-tungsten lamps, electric heaters, or stoves (must pay attention to smoke) or combustion warming blocks should be implemented. Warming measures, try to increase the night temperature.
Sixth, scientific irrigation
Photosynthesis of crops requires proper air humidity and soil moisture. Generally, the suitable air humidity for photosynthesis of most vegetable crops is 60%-85%. When the relative humidity of air is lower than 40% or higher than 90%, photosynthesis is inhibited, which adversely affects the growth and development of crops.
The optimum water holding capacity for photosynthesis of vegetable crops is 70% to 95%. When the water is seriously insufficient, it is easy to cause wilting and coke dryness. When the water is insufficient for a long time, the leaves are small, the mechanical structure is formed, the flowers are falling, the fruit is swollen slowly, the quality is decreased, and the yield is reduced. When there is too much water, the roots are suffocated, discolored, and rot due to lack of oxygen in the soil. In severe cases, the whole plant dies.
The occurrence of pests and diseases in greenhouse cultivation crops is closely related to air relative humidity and soil moisture. The occurrence and spread of high-humidity diseases such as late blight, downy mildew, cotton blight, and gray mold are closely related to improper irrigation, excessive humidity, and unfavorable drainage.
Winter and spring irrigation principles:
Third look: see things, see the soil, see the weather;
Six pouring six does not pour: do not pour in sunny days, do not pour in the afternoon, do not pour the water in the afternoon, do not pour the water in the dark water, do not pour cold water in the warm water, do not pour the water in the small water, do not pour the water in the single ditch.
Forbidden: It is strictly forbidden to flood before the rain comes.
Managing the greenhouse is the basis for high yields and the most basic, effective and economical measure to control pests and diseases. Especially in the winter, spring, low temperature, low light, high humidity and easy onset period, scientific management of greenhouses is essential. Therefore, growers should not be taken lightly during the low temperature period.
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Iris holographic diagnostics is a kind of knowledge that applies non-drug and natural therapy to analyze and care for the body by analyzing the iris and pupil to analyze and regulate the health condition of the body. In the field of health medicine, it is called non-invasive health testing and non-drug health intervention. It is a traditional clinical health medicine in Europe.
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