The China Modernization Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences released the China Modernization Report 2017: Health Modernization Research (hereinafter referred to as the report) in Beijing. According to the report, China's health modernization ranks 59th among 131 countries in the world and is a healthy primary developed country.
According to the report, China's health modernization should at least include modernization of healthy living, modernization of health services, modernization of healthy environment and modernization of health governance. So, what is health modernization? What opportunities and challenges does China's health modernization face?
Higher probability of future upgrade
Health is the basic right of everyone and the physiological basis of people's quality of life. It is also the core content and basic requirements of national modernization.
According to the analysis of the leader of the China Modernization Strategy Research Group and the China Modernization Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, since the 18th century, the process of world modernization can be divided into two major stages. Among them, the first modernization is the transition from agricultural society to industrial society, with economic growth as the center; the second modernization is the transition from industrial society to knowledge society, with quality of life as the center. “In 2014, more than 20 countries have entered the second modernization, and more than 100 countries are in the first modernization.â€
“Specifically, health modernization includes at least modernization in terms of healthy living, health services, healthy environment and health management.†Liu Lei, an associate researcher at the China Modernization Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that modernizing healthy living means that people are paying more and more attention to the overall health. Sexuality emphasizes multiple dimensions such as physical, mental, moral, and social adaptability to measure health. The modernization of health services mainly involves health care, public health, health insurance, health human resources and health infrastructure. The modernization of the health environment mainly includes healthy ecological environment, healthy social environment and healthy international cooperation. Modernization of health governance includes health technology, health supplies, health industry and health regulation.
Based on these characteristics, this report completed the 2000-2014 World Health Modernization Assessment for the first time. The report used data as of 2014 to conduct health modernization assessments in 131 countries. According to the report, 25 countries such as Sweden are healthy developed countries, 23 countries such as Russia are healthy medium-developed countries, 33 countries such as China are healthy primary developed countries, and 51 countries such as Kenya are healthy underdeveloped countries. Among them, China ranks 59th out of 131 countries and is in the middle of developing countries.
"We found that the probability of China's upgrading is relatively high and the prospects are good." Ye Qing, an associate researcher at the China Modernization Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that between 2000 and 2014, the primary developed countries upgraded to medium. The probability of developed countries is 22%, which is more than twice the probability that a moderately developed country will upgrade to a developed country.
Great achievements and many challenges
The report also shows that among the 45 health modernization indicators with relatively complete statistical data, 18 of China's indicators exceed the world average. For example, after the 1970s, the average life expectancy of Chinese people at birth has begun to exceed the world average.
Among them, 8 indicators have approached or reached the average level of developed countries. The five indicators that reach the level of developed countries are the proportion of low birth weight, the fertility rate of adolescent girls, the proportion of death caused by infectious diseases, the rate of DPT immunization of children, and the proportion of birth attendants. The three indicators close to the developed countries are the incidence of anemia in women of childbearing age, the rate of access to clean drinking water, and the proportion of prenatal care for pregnant women.
“For example, Chinese children’s DPT immunization rate and child measles immunization rate reached 99% in 2014, and children’s DPT immunization rate is 1.15 times the world average.†According to Zhao Xijun, an associate researcher at the China Modernization Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Public health performance is related to China's continued investment in public immunization for decades.
Of course, China's health modernization faces many challenges. For example, the ratio of nurses and midwives in 2015 was about 2.4‰, the average in developed countries was 11.3‰, which was about 3.8 times that of China; the average annual concentration of PM2.5 was 57.2 μg/m3, and the average in high-income countries was 16.3 μg/cubic. Meters are 2.5 times the average of high-income countries, and so on.
Ye Qing believes that although the level of China's health modernization has continued to increase since 1990, due to the late start, the gap with the world's advanced level is objective.
Create a "healthy high-speed rail project"
The report suggests that China's health modernization construction can learn from the development experience of China's high-speed rail, adopt the development strategy of “system upgrade, four-wheel driveâ€, and focus on the implementation of “healthy high-speed rail projectâ€.
“The 'Healthy High-Speed ​​Railway Project' is a 'visualized statement' of the high-speed, information-era, integrated national health system.†He Chuanqi said that the Chinese railway system has been upgraded from the “ordinary railway†of the industrial era to the information age. Like the high-speed railway, China's health system also needs to be transformed and upgraded, from the medical and health systems and medical insurance systems of the industrial era to the transformation and upgrading of the national health system of the integrated division of labor in the information age.
According to the report, the “health high-speed rail project†includes three aspects: physical infrastructure construction, information and knowledge infrastructure construction, service platform system and backbone line system construction. Among them, physical infrastructure construction is a "hardware facility", including health sites, public health facilities, and medical institutions. Information and knowledge infrastructure is a “software facility†that includes healthy living guides, health service guides, health big data, and health platforms. The service platform system is developed and maintained by the central and regional medical colleges and universities. The construction of the trunk line system is achieved through the establishment of health express trains and health trains.
Experts said that the implementation of the "healthy high-speed rail project" is the only way to accelerate China's health modernization. "This requires the coordination of multi-sectoral government, improve the health management system, improve the health system supervision ability and health administrative law enforcement ability, and further increase the proportion of public health investment in health expenditure." He Chuanqi said.
Source: People's Daily
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