Generators are one of the key equipment for electric energy production. They are usually composed of stators, rotors, end covers, bases and bearings.
The stator consists of a base, a stator core, a wire winding, and other structural components that secure these sections. The rotor is composed of a rotor core (with magnetic yoke, magnetic pole winding) slip ring, (also known as copper ring, collector ring), a fan and a rotating shaft. The stator and the rotor of the generator are connected and assembled by the bearing and the end cover, so that the rotor can rotate in the stator to perform the movement of the cutting magnetic line, thereby generating an induced potential, which is led out through the terminal and connected in the loop, and a current is generated.
The working principle of the generator rotor winding electromagnetically coupling with the stator winding through the air gap to convert the mechanical energy into the electric energy generator determines the weakness of its structure and operation. Common faults of the generator zui include stator core failure, stator winding failure, stator winding strand failure, stator end coil failure, rotor body failure, rotor winding failure, cooling water system failure, and the like.
No matter which kind of fault will develop according to a certain mode or mechanism, that is, from the initial defect of Zui to the fault, there are always some feature quantities in the process of deterioration that can reflect the deterioration. For the insulation of the generator, it will be affected by electrical, thermal, mechanical and environmental factors during operation, causing it to age gradually, leading to the end of life. In this process, monitoring can be carried out by certain methods.
1 Medium-sized, small generator unit microcomputer automation system transformation concept
* In recent years, in order to better promote the development of the machinery industry and improve the economic development efficiency, China has placed the focus of the generator on large-scale and super-large development machinery. For this, whether it is for the overall transformation plan or technical research. Development, design principles, etc. are all conducive to the use of large or very large generator sets. This type of generator set is not only cumbersome in manufacturing equipment, but even its function is extremely complicated. It requires relevant technical staff to be proficient in the operation of large and very large generator sets, as well as to understand the mechanical settings and related logic development plans, which will be very difficult for ordinary mechanical technicians. Moreover, such generator sets are relatively expensive in terms of price, and ordinary manufacturers are unconditionally purchased and used. Even if you purchase it, it may be impossible to use it because the technician's professional knowledge and skills are insufficient. All the above analysis shows that the research and development of these large and super large generator units is not conducive to the development of China's economic construction and the use of related industries.
Second, in terms of large-scale and super-large generator sets, in order to continuously improve their work efficiency and reduce costs, it is necessary to continuously modify their internal systems. The complex characteristics of the units are determined, and it is bound to be in the process of transformation. Encounter many unexpected problems, need to be solved by relevant technical personnel. To a large extent, this requires additional costs for research and development, which will increase the use of funds. At the end of the year, there may be cases of failure of the transformation, and the risks are relatively large. In this case, in actual circumstances. We have transferred the automation of generators to the transformation of small and medium-sized generator sets, so that not only will not waste resources, but also operators can carry out certain tests in research and development, which provides favorable stability. The development environment, starting from specific practices, is more suitable for the development and construction of China's water conservancy and hydropower, suitable for the promotion of sustainable development in China, and the true development balance of economic construction.
2 Design and modification of microcomputer automation system for generator set
2.1 Improvement and configuration of the upgrade protection function
In order to improve the quality of microcomputer automation transformation of medium-sized and small hydro-generator units, the automation protection device of the microcomputer should be placed at the primary position of the design of the transformation. In the configuration and design of the protection function, it is first necessary to strengthen the research on the characteristics of medium and small generator sets, and to achieve a relatively complete protection configuration from practical application technology and economic conditions. It should be clear that for medium and small hydro-generator sets, the required relay protection devices and configurations are significantly different from those required for large and very large hydro-generator sets. The relay protection configuration is for small and medium-sized The generator set is not important for Zui. Therefore, it can be performed with relatively simple logic criteria, with or without configuration. For small and medium-sized generator sets, a relatively simple method can be used for the internal fault protection of the unit, such as full differential protection and zero-sequence cross-section protection. This can save most of the unnecessary protection logic design in the configuration, greatly simplify the functional structure and logic principle in the automation transformation of the microcomputer system, thereby improving the adaptability and operation effect of the actual operator.
2.2 upgrade system? y automation transformation cost
Medium-sized and small-sized generator sets have more functions, more microcomputers, more logic, more information, and more complicated and cumbersome information transmission and operation analysis, data storage management, etc. The transformation of small and medium-sized generator sets can largely focus on the internal upgrade of the system, which not only reduces the cost pressure, but also improves the stability of the generator unit. In the use of software can protect certain resources, most of the hardware protection settings are CPU chips, such chips are relatively high cost and price and cost-effective use of products, and then in the true sense of automatic transformation , played an important role in solving costs.
2.3 Improve the flexibility and stability of the automation system
Restricted by economic conditions, the transformation of small and medium-sized generators must be based on the specific national conditions and actual conditions, and the cost factor should be placed in the top priority. Under the condition of limited funds, the function of automatic transformation of generator units can be realized. ,zui greatly improves the stability and reliability of system operation. In the design process, the redundant design principle can be used for automatic upgrading and transformation. The main purpose of this is to realize the self-system protection function in the whole generator unit, and at this time, the protection can be set for different units in this mode. In this way, even if there is a problem, it can be processed in a timely and effective manner. Usually, two units are set up, and the two units are related and independent. When a problem is found, the processing can be performed on the area where the two modules are located. This reduces the continuous expansion of losses and provides a good system protection function for the occurrence of abnormal situations. Strictly speaking, the operation of medium and small generator sets is not exactly the same. It is necessary to formulate protective measures according to the actual situation, in order to improve the system and maintain the flexibility and stability of the overall automation operation. Sex.
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The generator microcomputer automation system is an important guarantee system for safe, stable, energy-saving and economical operation of small and medium-sized hydroelectric generating units. Through the research on the technical upgrading and upgrading of the traditional small and medium-sized hydroelectric generating set relay protection system, a microcomputer integrated automation system with perfect functions, reliable operation and high cost performance can be formed, which can greatly improve the economic reliability of small and medium-sized hydroelectric generating units. At the same time, the whole microcomputer protection system is designed according to the design principle of high cost performance, large protection configuration and redundant configuration of two protection units. It has a high application prospect in the field of microcomputer protection of different capacity and type hydroelectric generating units.
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