Summer heat and humidity are high. Pigs have thick subcutaneous fat, underdeveloped sweat glands, and poor self-regulation of body temperature. Under high temperature conditions, pigs not only increase heat dissipation through enhanced respiration, but also maintain body temperature by reducing feed intake to reduce body heat production. Due to the decrease in intake of nutrients due to reduced feed intake, pig production performance deteriorated. By adjusting the level of rations and ensuring adequate supply of nutrients to compensate for the lack of nutrient intake caused by high temperature stress, the heat stress response of pigs can be alleviated and production performance can be improved.
Pigs have many places in the diet related to people. For example, in the summer, they don’t want to eat when the weather is hot; they don’t want to eat too greasy foods; foods that have the best taste to stimulate the taste (such as acid); often want to eat some green Juicy food; want to eat fresh food. Therefore, if we can consider the pig's diet from the human point of view, under normal circumstances, pigs will be able to raise well.
1 Adjust the feed to ensure the nutrition needed for pig growth
1.1 appropriately reduce the amount of carbohydrate and high fiber feed
In high-temperature summer conditions, the feed intake of pigs decreases, often resulting in insufficient energy supply. In order to alleviate the impact of high temperature on pigs, it is common to feed the diet with high nutrient concentration, good palatability, and high quality during the high temperature season, and appropriately reduce the ratio of high fiber raw materials to control the crude fiber level of the diet to reduce body weight. In order to make up for the lack of energy intake caused by high temperatures, heat is generated. Under high temperature conditions, the calorific value of carbohydrates in feeds is obviously higher than that of fats, so it is advisable to reduce the amount of carbohydrates and replace most carbohydrates with fats. Studies have shown that adding 2% to 3% of mixed fats (such as vegetable oils) to growing pig diets Reduce body heat, reduce the heat load of pigs has a significant effect. It should be noted that fat should not be increased blindly. Some pig farms need to increase the speed of growth of pigs in the summer, adding a large proportion of fat or fat to the feed, or even adding 7% to 8% of the pigs. After a sharp decline in appetite, it was not worth the candle. In addition, proper addition of lactose, sucrose, etc. also have a certain tonic effect.
Reference formula:
Under 35kg pigs: 39% of corn, 22% of wheat, 15% of wheat bran, 7% of rice bran, 7% of soybean, 6% of fish meal, 2% of bone meal, 1% of salt, and 1% of auxin.
Pigs of 35kg to 60kg: corn 37%, wheat 24%, wheat bran 19%, rice bran 11%, fishmeal 5.5%, bone meal 1.5%, salt 1%, growth hormone 1%.
More than 60kg pigs: corn 40%, wheat 18%, wheat bran 10%, rice bran 12%, dried cake 13%, fish meal 3%, bone meal 2%, salt 1%, growth hormone 1%.
1.2 timely adjustment of "egg" complement "ammonia"
In the high temperature conditions in summer, adding 3% to 3.23% of fats and oils and increasing the daily dosage of crude protein by 2% can significantly increase the pig's daily weight gain and decrease the feed-to-meat ratio, and also increase the anti-stress force. At this time timely adjustment of "egg" make up "ammonia", based on the supply of ideal protein to the pigs, appropriate increase in the amount of dietary lysine, finishing pigs up to 50g/day ~ 60g/day, nursing sows and breeding public Each pig can reach 60g/day to 70g/day, which is a very practical nutrition combination for pigs in summer.
1.3 Use of green feed
The poor appetite of summer pigs is a very normal phenomenon. Many pig farms also think that they can regulate them by feeding on green and juicy feed and they work well. However, we must pay attention to the health of green feed. The roadside grass needs to be cleaned and fed to pigs. The water lilies in the pond need to be cleaned and then fed to the roots. The long grass and whole vegetables can be directly fed but not Feeding on the ground to avoid being contaminated by excreta or being trampled by muddy feet to cause feed wastage. Feeding green feed, it is best to feed now, so as not to cause rotten poultry and poultry poisoning. At the same time, we must also pay attention to whether there is any drug residues, parasites, and other problems in feeding grass. The green feed for pigs is best grown exclusively. Some green fodder such as thorny vines with steel wool, poor palatability, will affect the livestock and poultry feed, should not be fed. In order to increase the palatability, try to use a tender green and juicy feed, and the best condition is to crush the various types of green feed with a grinder, which is beneficial to the pig's feeding.
1.4 appropriate amount of electrolytes, trace elements, minerals
In the high temperature environment in summer, the excretion of potassium and carbonate in pigs increases, and the discharge of chlorine and sodium decreases, causing an imbalance in the metabolism of mineral elements (electrolytes). Therefore, appropriate amounts of potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, or Electrolytes such as sodium bicarbonate can reduce the risk of heat stress. Adding 0.5% sodium bicarbonate to pig feed can effectively relieve the acid-base imbalance caused by heat stress, improve the pig's production performance, or add electrolysis directly to drinking water. Multidimensional, it is also desirable to have obvious results. The appropriate addition of trace elements does not disregard the efficient regulation of certain trace elements. Studies have shown that selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) play a significant role in the physiological adjustment in the summer. Se is a natural antioxidant that can increase glutathione levels. Oxygenase activity, reduce the number of free radicals, improve the body's anti-stress ability, Cr is an essential trace element in the body, has a role in fighting stress, improving production performance, regulating endocrine function, affecting immune response and improving carcass quality. Therefore, a sudden increase in temperature in the summer may need to be supplemented with these two important trace elements.
For the growth and finishing pigs, special attention should be paid to the supply of calcium, phosphorus, and salt. The commonly used plant concentrates contain less calcium and more phosphorus, which is easy to adjust in terms of quantity and proportion. The requirements for feeding calcium, phosphorus and other minerals listed in the standard are actually supply quantities, which have been converted by utilization factor. The calcium and phosphorus requirements for growing and finishing pigs range from 0.5% to 1.0% and 0.4% to 0.8% of dietary dry matter, and the supply of salt can be provided at 3% of dietary dry matter.
1.5 Appropriate Addition of Vitamins and Herbs for Relieving Heat and Heat
In the high temperature environment, the body's vitamin metabolism is strengthened, and a moderate increase in vitamin content in the diet can relieve the influence of heat stress on pigs. Adding a large amount of VA, VE, and VC to the animals under heat stress can help the animals resist the heat stress damage of the body, thereby reducing the harm caused by heat stress. When the temperature exceeds 34°C, VC 400mg/kg and vitamin E 200IU/kg are added per kilogram of feed. In the diet, Chinese herbs such as hawthorn, herb, dried tangerine peel, betel nut, astragalus, licorice, etc. are used to alleviate the effects of hot environment on pigs and increase weight gain and feed utilization efficiency. Relieve pig heat stress.
2 Matters needing attention in feeding
2.1 Guaranteed Daily Drinking Water
In the summer, pigs drink 23.8% of their own water and 0.9% of salt water is needed. Normally, lactating sows have a ratio of 1:3 for feedstuffs and water, up to 1:4 to 1:5 at high temperatures. Insufficient drinking water will not only affect the feed intake of pigs, but also lead to a decrease in pig digestibility and an increase in the incidence of intestinal diseases. Use a duck-billed drinking fountain to have a suitable water flow rate and supplement drinking water in the feeding tank to ensure that each pig can drink adequately, but be aware that the water should be constantly updated.
2.2 Feeding to avoid high temperatures
In summer, when the temperature is high and the feed intake of pigs is reduced, the feeding time should be properly adjusted. Feeding can be done in the morning and in the evening. Normally, it is suitable from 4:00 to 5:00 in the morning and from 8 to 9 in the evening (try to persuade the keeper, morning morning, early morning, postponed to work in the afternoon, postponed from work), feeding should be avoided Noon high temperature time, try to feed the wet mix, not too much each time, to eat as the standard. During the day, it can be fed with green and blue juicy feed. If there is any leftovers, it can be cleaned. Adjust the feeding time should be gradual, with the temperature changes gradually adjusted, can not suddenly change.
2.3 Guaranteed feed hygiene and safety
Summer high temperature and high humidity conducive to mold breeding, should do a good job of feed anti-mildew, we must regularly check the freshness of feed to ensure that the feed is not contaminated; Feeding process should clean the feed trough, do a good job every day to rinse and feed utensils The cleaning of the pigsty to avoid the spread of germs; summer mosquitoes and trekkers, bite not only affect the pig rest, but also contaminated feed and drinking water, spread some infectious diseases, pig farms (households) should do a good job of repelling mosquitoes and flies, can Ignite mosquito coils or hang crystal-wrapped trichlorfon in the pigsty at night to kill insects.
3 summer heatstroke coup
In July and August, the continuous high temperature in summer, regardless of how to adjust the feeding method, the ratio of diets, can not eliminate the phenomenon of pigs caused by excessive heat in the heat stroke, once found heat stroke, you can take the following simple and quick way to relieve summer heat:
1) Fresh watermelon rind with 2 kg of fresh rind, 100 grams of sugar added to the mash, and stir the pigs every other day.
2) vinegar or sauerkraut juice, depending on the size of the pig, is fed once a day, each time 250 to 500 ml (dilution feeding).
3) The weight of white lentils depends on the weight of the pig, and 20 to 50 grams of Jianzhi Yintang can be used.
4) Mung bean take the amount of green beans, add water 20 times, cook until the skin is rotten, cool after drinking soup, eat beans.
5) plantain and light bamboo leaves with plantain and light bamboo leaves with water drizzle, seasoning feed.
In summary, the use of nutritional control measures, adjust the feeding methods, do a good job of feed hygiene and safety work, to alleviate the summer heat stress in pigs has a certain effect. However, when the ambient temperature is too high and exceeds the adjustment ability of the pig, other comprehensive measures must also be taken.
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