Among the cancers affecting men and women, colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and cancer-related deaths in the United States. A new study published in the magazine Cancer Research shows that a very common food additive may play a role in its development.
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 136,119 Americans were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2013.
Risk factors for disease development include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. The common point of IBD and colorectal cancer is the change of intestinal flora. A recent scientific literature review shows that microbial changes are increasingly associated with colorectal cancer.
This is why Dr. Emilie Viennois, an assistant professor at Georgia State University’s Atlanta Institute, believes that common food additives have a link between changes in the intestinal flora and colorectal cancer. He said: "The incidence of colorectal cancer has increased significantly since the middle of the 20th century. An important feature of the disease is the alteration of the intestinal microflora and the creation of a condition conducive to tumorigenesis."
The role of intestinal flora in colorectal cancer
There are more than 100 trillion microbes living in the intestines, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Microorganisms are produced by the interaction between the microorganisms of the host and the introduction of microorganisms into the environment.
Microbes are obtained during the initial stages of life and vary from person to person. Diversified and balanced gut flora is essential in maintaining the health of the immune system.
Vigorous changes in microorganisms, whether it is dietary habits, lifestyle outcomes, or infections, can alter the symbiotic relationship between host microbes and the environment, leading to inflammatory bowel disease.
IBD promotes colon tumor formation. Low inflammation, which has been associated with changes in microorganisms and metabolic diseases, has also been observed in many cases of colorectal cancer.
Emulsifiers and inflammatory bowel disease
Previous studies have speculated that food emulsifiers have been associated with IBD since the middle of the 20th century.
A mouse study at the Georgia State Research Laboratory team showed that the common two emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80, cause low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome.
Emulsifier changes the composition of intestinal flora
The researchers found that the intake of emulsifiers severely altered the composition of the intestinal flora, and it did so in a manner that promoted the development of inflammation and created a development environment conducive to cancer.
After an emulsifier-induced change, the bacteria in the gut show more flagellin and lipopolysaccharide. Both substances activate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the immune system.
Emulsifiers not only change the microbial environment, promote inflammation, but also alter the balance between cell proliferation and cell death, thereby increasing the development of the tumor.
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