Hormone contraceptives may increase the risk of depression
September 30, 2016 Source: Noble
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];The co-author of the study, Dr. Oevind Lidegaard of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and colleagues reported their findings in the JAMA Journal of Psychiatry.
According to the latest data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 61% of women of childbearing age in the United States use some form of contraception.
Oral contraceptives -- or contraceptive pills -- are still the most commonly used forms of contraception, and about 16% of women between the ages of 15 and 44 in the United States use this method for contraception.
The combined oral contraceptive contains estrogen and progesterone; progesterone refers to the synthetic form of progesterone or progesterone itself. These birth control pills prevent pregnancy by preventing ovulation and making it harder for sperm to reach the egg.
Progestogen-only contraceptives - also known as "small pills" - prevent pregnancy by preventing sperm from meeting the egg and sometimes inhibiting ovulation.
Other forms of contraception include birth control implants, injections, patches, and vaginal rings—all of which release estrogen or progesterone, or both, for contraception.
Data on how hormonal contraception affects depression is extremely limited
Dr. Lidegaard and his team have noted that changes in estrogen and progesterone levels, especially changes in progesterone levels, are likely to cause depression. However, they say, there are few studies on whether the use of hormonal contraceptives can affect the risk of depression.
The authors said: "The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of specific types of hormonal contraceptives on the first use of antidepressants and the risk of first-time diagnosis of depression in hospitals or outpatient clinics in psychiatric hospitals," the authors said.
To complete their study, the team analyzed data on the registration of the Danish National Prescription Registry and the Psychiatric Research Center between 1995 and 2013, including data on more than 1 million women between the ages of 15-34.
During an average of 6.4 years of follow-up, the researchers assessed participants' use of hormonal contraception and tracked their first diagnosis of depression and the first use of antidepressants. The researchers reported that at the beginning of the study, none of the participants had depression or had taken antidepressants.
During the follow-up, 55.5% of the subjects had just or recently started using hormonal contraceptives, 23,077 were diagnosed with depression for the first time, and 133,178 were the first to prescribe antidepressants.
Adolescents who use hormonal contraceptives are at greater risk of depression
The study found that, overall, participants who had just started or recently started using hormonal contraceptives were at greater risk of developing depression and using antidepressants than those who did not.
"Our data suggests that adolescent girls who use hormonal contraceptives are more sensitive to the effects of first-time use of antidepressants or the first diagnosis of depression than older women," the authors noted. He believes that adolescent girls are more susceptible to the risk factors of depression.
In summary, the researchers concluded that their findings suggest that the use of hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of depression and antidepressant use in adolescent girls and women.
In this study, the use of all types of hormonal contraceptives was positively correlated with the subsequent use of antidepressants and depression.
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