The corn grain period refers to the period from tasseling to maturity. In the flowering stage, the growth and development of vegetative organs such as roots, stems, and leaves ceased, and then turned to the reproductive growth stage with flowering, pollination, fertilization, and grain filling as the core, and this is the key period for the formation of yield. After the grains begin to grout, the roots and leaves begin to fade and mature. The main objective of field management is to ensure good pollination, maintain a relatively high group of photosynthetic production capacity, prevent lodging and late senescence, promote grain filling, increase maturity, and strive for more grain, grain, and yield.
Management technology
1. Prevent drought during silking. From tasselling to silking, corn has high water intensity and is most sensitive to drought stress. It is the “critical period†of moisture in corn during its lifetime. The closer the drought occurs to the silking period, the greater the reduction in output. Drought during silking stage mainly affected the normal pollination and fertilization process of maize plants, affected the grain filling, increased the baldness, reduced the number of grains per spike, and reduced the grain weight. Therefore, in the middle of production, if there is a drought from tasselling to silking, irrigation can be flexibly controlled according to the weather conditions.
2. Discretely apply flower pellets. The fertilizer that is topdressed during tasseling to silking is called flower granular fertilizer, and the main role is to promote grain filling, prevent late plant decay, and increase grain weight. Sprinkle grain fertilizer is suitable for quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer should not be too much. Generally, urea can be topdressed with 7.5-10 kg per acre, and it can be applied deep in the corn row or combined with irrigation. Flower pellets are mainly suitable for high yield fields and high density fields.
3. Manual assisted pollination when males and females are not coordinated. During the period from corn tasselling to silking, unfavorable weather conditions such as low temperature, rain, oligophobia, and extreme high temperatures often lead to incoherent development of the male and female, affecting normal pollination and fertilization, reducing the number of grains per ear, and eventually leading to a reduction in yield. At this time, artificial pollination may be used to increase the seed setting rate and increase the number of grains per pan during the effective loosening period. In a relatively simple manner, two sticks or thick ropes are bound laterally at the top of two vertical poles. Two people walk across the corn ridge with a vertical crossbow and gently hit the tassel with a crossbow or rope to help pollen fall off. The process of artificial pollination should be performed from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm on sunny days.
Pest Control
The flowering stage is the key period for plant reproductive growth and grain yield. The nutrient absorbed by the root system of maize plants, the photosynthetic products of the leaves and even the nutrient components of the plant are all transported to the ear, and the resistance of the plant is reduced, which is vulnerable to pests and diseases. . This period is the period of onset of various leaf spot diseases and the manifestation period of various diseases such as viral disease, mad-jade disease, smut smut, and stem rot, and it is also the peak stage of damage caused by ear pests. At this time, the corn plants in the field are tall and dense, combined with the extreme heat in summer, the existing general chemical pesticide spraying and other technical measures have obvious effects, but the field operation is difficult, the control cost is relatively high, and the recovered losses are often not worth the investment. The cost is difficult to promote and apply. Therefore, the diseases and insect pests that occurred to corn in this period were mainly the use of disease-resistant varieties to assist in other farming and cultivation measures for prevention and treatment.
Prevent premature aging and promote premature
1. Prevent premature aging technique. Premature aging refers to corn's wilting and yellowing at the stage of grouting and milking, loose and sagging of the leaves, softening and folding of the base of the stem, and reduction of the weight of 1000 grains. The farmers call this “return stalkâ€. It usually occurs in loam soil, sandy loam soil, planting density and defertilization field in the later period, and some of them are yellowish-dry type of Fusarium stalk rot. After premature corn failure, the stalks become soft and easy to break, the roots wither, the lower leaves of the ear wither, the upper leaves yellow-green, and sometimes water-stained, the leaves of the whole plant gradually withered from the bottom up. Prevention of premature aging techniques include: 1 Use of anti-premature varietal varieties to determine the appropriate density, improve population lighting, moisture and nutritional conditions. 2Scientific and rational fertilization, using fertilizer at the later stage of fertility, ensure that plants have adequate nutrition, enhance photosynthesis, and prevent premature aging. 3 timely irrigation and drainage, so that the root system is in a good growing environment. 4 Intervene in order to remove lateral spikes in time and prevent unnecessary nutrient consumption, so that the main panicle grows and develops normally. 5 Timely prevention of pests and diseases, especially stem rot (wilting blight).
2. Promoting early-maturing management techniques: due to late sowing, delayed seedling development, too small C/N ratio, malnutrition and other factors affecting the growth and development cycle of corn, thus causing excessive vegetative growth, reproductive growth delay phenomenon known as greediness Late mature. Late maturation of late-maturing corn delayed the emergence of plant diseases, insect pests, and lodging, resulting in lower yields. In addition, cross-regional introduction, blind introduction, the use of late-maturing varieties, will also cause normal years of corn can not be normally mature, in abnormal years, corn production or even absolute production, quality decline.
The management techniques of late-maturing corn include: (1) Selection of suitable varieties for the growth period and appropriate cultivation techniques. 2 timely sowing. The sowing time is no later than the recommended sowing date. 3 Dingling in time to promote early development. 4 Potassium fertilizer was added, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed in the middle and later stages to reduce nitrogen fertilizer input in the later period. 5 Remove empty stalks and plantlets. 6 knock down the bottom leaves, stalks harvest, promote after-ripening. 7 After corn grouting was completed, the inner and outer skins of the ear were peeled off to promote maturation of the grains.
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