Herbal identification
Shape identification
The dry roots are irregularly nodular, with the top often residing on stalks or stems, and several roots underneath. The root is long cylindrical, sometimes branched, slightly curved, 10 to 20 to 35 centimeters long, 0.3 to 1 centimeter in diameter; the surface is brown to dark brown, with lenticels with longitudinal wrinkles and slightly prolonged projections. Hard and hard to break, cross-section slightly flat, light brown, and visible ring formation layer, the center of no marrow. The gas is weak and the taste is extremely bitter. It is better to use large chunks and flour. It mainly produces Guizhou and Guangxi.
Root cross-section: The cork layer is a series of cork cells arranged in order. The cortex is narrow, and the cells are tangentially elongated. Some contain calcium oxalate crystals; the crystalline cells are smaller than the surrounding parenchyma cells, and 2-4 crystal-containing cells are seen to be tangentially convergent. The phloem is broad; the bast fibers are bundled or scattered, and some fiber bundles contain square crystals around the fiber bundles to form crystalline fibers; the sieve group is more prominent on the inside of the phloem; the phloem rays are obvious. Layer formation loop. The xylem is slightly more phloem than the phloem; the wood ray is more than 1 - many rows of cells, the cell wall is slightly thicker, with pits; the catheters are scattered together and often contain yellow-brown resin blocks surrounded by wood fiber bundles.
Powder identification
Light yellow or yellow brown.
1 The fiber and crystal fiber and crystal fiber are colorless or yellow-brown. The fiber is slender, often twisted, with a diameter of 11-31μm, a small number of swellings of about 54μm, a very thick wall, non-wooden, easy separation of the primary and secondary walls, and a vertical crack on the surface. The crystallized cell wall of the crystal fiber is thickened unevenly.
2 Crystalline thick-walled cells are round, rectangular or irregular shaped, extremely thick walled, woody, containing calcium oxalate crystals, some cells separated, containing 2-3 square crystals.
3 Calcium oxalate square shape, diamond shape or multi-faceted, diameter 9-33μm, length 18-37μm. In addition, there are a few stone cells, reticulate and bordered pitting catheters, cork cells, starch granules, and the like.
Chemical identification
(1) Using 10% sodium hydroxide solution on the surface of the medicinal material, the color changes from orange red to blood red, long-time does not fade. (pigment reaction)
(2) Take the product powder 0.5g, add 70% ethanol 10ml, set on a water bath heated to reflux for 30min,
Shandougen
Shandougen
After filtration, the filtrate was evaporated to dryness, the residue was dissolved in 5 ml of a 1% hydrochloric acid solution, filtered, and the filtrate was placed in two test tubes and dropped separately:
1 improved potassium iodide test solution, resulting in a red-brown precipitate;
2 potassium iodide test solution, a yellow-white precipitation. (check alkaloids)
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