Sophorae flavescens is a perennial herb of the family Leguminosae. It is made from dried roots and rhizomes. It is aliased as Hawthorn fruit, Burnet, and bitter bone. It has the effects of heat-clearing, detoxifying, swelling, pain killing, insecticidal, diuretic, stomachic, and laxative. For the treatment of sore throat, skin itching and other diseases. It is a good insecticide in agricultural production and a raw material for the development of biological pesticides. The main chemical ingredients are matrine and oxymatrine.
ã€Growing habits】 Born in hillside grasslands, plains, hills, and floodplains. The soil requirements are not very strict and all types of soil can grow well. The root system is well-developed, the water requirement is not very high, and the light requirements are not strict. The light intensity has little effect on its growth, but the soil plants that are moist, fertile and have strong natural fertility grow tall and thick.
The plants are more than 150 cm tall and the upper part is more branched. The main root is thick, cylindrical and bitter. Petals yellow or yellowish white. Capsule oblate, brown or brown in color, no cracking after ripening. Flowering from June to July, fruit ripening period from September to October. Withered in early October, the annual growth of 150 to 160 days.
The seed grain weight is about 50 grams; the storage life under natural conditions is 3 years; the suitable germination temperature is 15-30°C. The germination rate of untreated seeds was not high, and the germination rate at 30°C for 5 days was only 20%. The seeds must be mechanically treated before they can be sown.
ã€Sowing method】
(1) Site selection and soil preparation: Sophora flavescens is a deep-rooted plant. It is better to choose sandy loam and clay loam with deep, fertile and well-drained soil. Apply compound fertilizer, plow 20-25 centimeters, make fine and flat, open 1.5 meters wide.
(2) sowing time
Spring sowing or autumn broadcast can be. After the autumn sowing, it needs to be covered. Otherwise, the surface of the soil is easy to be hardened, which is not conducive to spring emergence. Autumn sowing should not be too late. Seeds can be sown after maturity, and they must be sowed before the soil is thawed at the latest. Spring sowing should be planted before and after the Ching Ming. At this time, soil moisture is better, which will help the emergence of seedlings.
(3) sowing
Drilling or sowing. From the perspective of field management, podcasting is better. Transplanting with seedlings is also used, but it is cumbersome when transplanting. First repeat the bed, according to the spacing of 40-50 cm, 30 cm digging spacing, depth of about 3 cm, 6-8 seeds per hole sowing, flat, slightly suppressed. 2 kg per acre sowing rate. The drilling distance is 30 centimeters and the spacing is 20 centimeters. 4 kilograms of seeds are used per acre.
ã€Field Management】
About 7 days after planting under normal conditions, seedlings emerged. Since weeds grow faster, they should be cleared in time and loosen properly. In the first half of May, topdressing in the roots was mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which promoted the early vegetative growth of the seedlings. In the early July, another top dressing was applied, mainly phosphorus and potassium, to strengthen the rejuvenation, to promote the accumulation of nutrients in the roots and differentiation of overwintering buds; In the middle and late August, earth is cultivated once to promote the formation and protection of overwintering buds. Cultivate 4 to 5 times. Droughts are prone to occur in the spring in the north, and irrigation should be carried out in time to ensure the normal growth of the seedlings. Because seed coats do not easily absorb untreated seeds and seeds that are overburdened at the time of sowing, there are signs of emergence in the second or even the third year.
The plant height can grow to about 60-70 centimeters in that year, and it does not bloom. After the autumn plants withered, the dead branches are cleaned up and stamped with decomposed livestock manure. The first is to protect the overwintering buds, and the second is to top up the growth of the second year. The role.
Before harvesting, the management work of the previous year was repeated every year. At the same time, the inflorescence was removed and topping to ensure the accumulation of nutrients in the roots in order to obtain high quality Chinese herbal medicines.
[collection processing] Sophora root medicine. After 2 to 3 years of planting, excavation will be carried out in the spring and autumn. Autumn harvesters are preferred. After digging the roots, remove the roots and fibrous roots, wash the sediment and dry them. Fresh root slices are dried and called flavescens.
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