Breeding dairy cow breeds is the prerequisite for creating high-yielding dairy cows. Feeding management technology is the key to the productivity of dairy cows. Internal and external factors must be organically combined to achieve stable and high yields.
Choose a good dairy breed
High-yielding dairy cows have the characteristics of milk: tight and thin in all parts of the body, fine and thin fur, head and neck delicate, fine bones, sharp edges and corners, well-developed breasts, extended bathtub-like extension, and symmetry between left and right breasts.
Improve the diet of dairy cows
Appropriately improve the diet of dairy cows. In the summer, hay should be fed as little as possible to reduce the amount of roughage. Increase the content of protein and fat in the diet, increase the content of corn, bean cake and fish meal in the compound feed, increase the protein concentration by 4% or so than the normal level, and feed more green and blue juicy feed, such as high-quality green grass and carrots. Potatoes, etc., are rich in carbohydrates and a lot of water, not only good palatability, but also thirst-quenching, which is very beneficial to cool the sunstroke and relieve the heat stress of cows.
In addition, condiments can be made into condiments. The palatability of the porridge material is good, which can increase the feed intake of the dairy cow, and is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of the dairy cow, thereby greatly improving the effective utilization rate of the feed.
Improve the feeding time of cows
The high temperature during the summer noon, the cow's appetite is relatively low, so the feeding time should also be adjusted. During the high temperature season, the intake of dairy cows accounts for 75%-80% of the daily intake on colder nights and early mornings. Therefore, it is best to add more ingredients in the morning and evening to increase the intake and meet the nutritional needs of the cows. .
Improve the living conditions of dairy cows
Greening the environment and improving the microclimate in the area. Increase greening on the site, absorb solar radiation through plant transpiration and photosynthesis, reduce radiation through sunshading, reduce moisture through moisture retained by plant roots, absorb large amounts of heat, cool air, and lower ground temperature, thus radiating The amount of heat to the roof, exterior walls, doors and windows is reduced, and the shade of trees blocks the sunlight from entering the room and lowers the temperature inside the house.
Strengthen the cow house insulation ventilation design. In the cowshed design, pay attention to the design of the interior doors and windows, try to build an open or semi-open cowshed, and reduce the physical walls to block the ventilation structure. At the same time, use materials with small thermal conductivity to enhance the thermal insulation of roofs and walls. Secondly, the use of light-colored building materials for the external structure, especially the roof, has a certain significance for mitigating the strong sunlight effects on the house.
Necessary cooling equipment and cooling measures. Dairy cows can be cooled by spraying to relieve cows from heat stress. Using a sprinkler or drilling water pipe, the cows are sprayed. Generally, the spray is performed automatically every 5 minutes to 10 minutes, each time for about 30 seconds, and then alternately performed with a fan for 3 minutes to 5 minutes.
Other comprehensive prevention and control measures
Use anti-stress additives. Anti-stress additives can strengthen the nutritional value of the diet, increase the use of efficiency, increase milk production and improve the body's metabolism in dairy cows. Nutritional riboflavin, niacin, magnesium, potassium, chromium and so on. Adding 100 Kg-115 g/day of potassium carbonate to the summer diet can minimize the negative effects of heat stress on dairy cows. In addition, supplemental organic chromium can reduce the concentration of cortisol in the serum of cows and increase the anti-stress ability of dairy cows.
Deworming health care. After cows were born, thiabendazole was administered at 70 mg per kilogram of cow body weight to drive off the parasites in the cows. Using a 1%-1.5% solution of trichlorfon or other highly effective non-toxic pesticides to regularly spray the barn and its surrounding environment can effectively prevent mosquitoes and flies from biting, and can also install fly-killing lamps around the barn and its playground. It can generally increase milk production by about 10%.
Feed green bean soup. Mung bean soup has the function of clearing heat and detoxifying, and preventing sunstroke and cooling. Use fresh green beans 1 kg - 1.5 kg, add 4 kg - 5 kg of water, boil for 1 hour - 2 hours, add 40 kg of clean drinking water, give the cow once, once a day.
Heat stress will lead to a decline in milk production performance, reproductive ability and immunity. Only through comprehensive protection measures such as improving the feeding and management environment and feeding technology can the heat stress of dairy cows be effectively relieved. Minimize the impact of heat stress on production of dairy cows, reduce the economic losses to farms (households), and ensure aquaculture benefits.
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