One, the reason why the fruit is skewed
1. Related to the number and distribution of seeds in the fruit In general, the number of seeds formed in the fruit and its distribution in the fruit play a decisive role in the development of the apple fruit shape. Because the seed can produce gibberellin to promote fruit growth and development, the more seeds are formed in the fruit, the more evenly distributed in each heart chamber, the lower the probability that the fruit will be skewed; otherwise, the smaller the number of seeds formed, The more uneven the distribution, the higher the probability of forming skewed fruit. Under normal circumstances, the flesh of the fruit with a large number of seeds develops well, and the flesh of the lesser side of the seed develops poorly, resulting in skewed fruit. There is a direct relationship between the amount of seed formation and the status of pollination and fertilization.
2. The larger the amount of fruit remaining in relation to the load, the higher the rate of skewed fruit, and the moderate amount of fruit remaining, the lower the rate of skewed fruit; in addition, for each inflorescence, the more inflorescences remain, not only The shape index is low, and the skew fruit rate is high, and each inflorescence leaves only one fruit. Not only is the fruit big, the fruit shape index is high, and the fruit shape is upright.
3. The state of fruit development The state of fruit on the branches is generally divided into three types: the top of the fruit is upward, the top of the fruit is inclined downward, and the top of the fruit is vertically downward. Surveys have shown that the slope of the fruit growing vertically downward from the fruit top is low.
4. The condition of pollination and fertilization of fruit trees during the flowering period of the tree is related to the nutritional status of the tree. The level of nutrient storage in the tree directly affects the quantity and quality of pollination and fertilization. The adequate nutrition of the tree is conducive to the pollination and fertilization of fruit trees. In addition, the growth and development of Fuji apple fruit is roughly divided into two periods. That is, the period of cell growth and the period of increase in cell volume. In the young fruit development stage, the increase in the number of cells is the main factor, and the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is greater in this period. In the middle and late stages of the fruit growth, the increase in the volume of the cells mainly affects the transverse diameter of the fruit. Therefore, management should pay attention to the supply of fertilizer and water in the young fruit period.
5. Inappropriate spraying of plant growth agents In the process of using fruit growth regulators, if the spray concentration is not appropriate, too high or too low, it will not achieve the desired results, and even have a negative impact. In addition, if the spraying is not uniform, such as uneven on the torus, it will lead to fruit skew.
Second, preventive measures
1. Flowering Assisted Pollination As mentioned above, ensuring normal pollination and fertilization is the basic condition for reducing the occurrence of Fuji apple skewers. Therefore, when constructing a garden, it is necessary to rationally configure the pollination tree. At the same time, in the flowering period of fruit trees, artificial pollination, artificial bees and bees, and other artificial measures can be taken to increase the number and quality of pollination and fertilization of flowers, ensure the normal growth and development of seeds, and minimize the occurrence of skew fruit from the root.
2. Reasonable load, strict thinning and fruit thinning For Fuji apples at full fruit stage, a reasonable amount of left fruit is about 2,500 kg per mu, and the maximum is not more than 3,000 kg. In the case of guaranteed yields, strictly inflorescences are sparse and thinning. The principle of flower thinning and fruit thinning is: the time is earlier, thinning is not as good as sparse flowering, and sparse flowering is better than sparse buds; every 25-30 cm (approximately 60-70 leaves) leaves an inflorescence, leaving only one down per inflorescence The fruits grow vertically; try to retain the flowers and fruits on the top buds of the long fruit shoots.
3. Strengthen the cultivation and management of fruit trees During the growth of fruit trees, it is necessary to rationally apply fertilizer and water, strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and ensure the normal growth of fruit trees. In particular, early basal fertilization is required in the fall, combined with foliar sprays to increase the storage and nutrient levels of the tree; the pre-management of the orchard is strengthened to ensure the supply of fertilizer and water during the flowering and young fruit stages, enabling normal pollination and fertilization and increasing the number of cell divisions. Not only can the production of skewed fruit be reduced, but also the fruit shape index can be improved.
4. The correct application of plant growth regulators to change the fruit shape, in the use of fruit growth regulators such as propaline, high-post, should be strictly in accordance with the instructions for spraying. When spraying, it is necessary not only to pay attention to the concentration of spraying can not be biased, but also pay attention to uniform and comprehensive spray on the flower.
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