In winter and spring season, there is a lack of green feed, and livestock and poultry are prone to Vitamin deficiency. Although vitamins are rarely required in various animal and poultry organisms, they are organic compounds that are necessary to maintain the normal physiological functions of livestock and poultry. In the absence of livestock and poultry, growth and development are hindered, productivity is reduced, and even disease occurs.
1. Vitamin A It can maintain the health and normal physiological function of mucosal epithelial tissues of various organ systems, and maintain the normal vision and reproductive function of cattle. Its lack will cause a series of diseases with weakened mucosal epithelium resistance and pregnancy diseases such as miscarriage and stillbirth.
Only under the following circumstances should be added vitamin A: 1 forage to straw mainly; 2 hay cream after harvest; 3 pure corn silage (even after the crowbar corn), corn and other varieties of fine material accounted for a very low proportion; 4 Insufficient colostrum and regular milk feeding, early weaning calves, self-made artificial milk; 5 supplementation in heat stress and transportation is very necessary, generally 0.5-1.0 times the amount.
2, vitamin D Its main function is to adjust the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, metabolism and bone growth and development. In the absence of yak caused yak snoring and chondrosis in adult cows. It is generally believed that the requirements for calves and growing cattle are 660 IU per 100 kg of body weight. Dairy cows are 30 IU per kilogram of body weight. The exception is that prenatal lactating cows (especially high-yielding cattle) should start the injection of vitamin A, D, and E mixed preparations from the first half of the month before delivery to prevent postpartum diseases.
3, vitamin E Its main role is biological antioxidants and radical scavenging effect. It can increase the immune response of cells and body fluids. Yak is characterized by muscle malnutrition in the absence of it. Adult cattle can get enough from natural feed. The long-term storage of feed vitamin E content will decrease with the storage time. The amount of vitamin E required for calves is 25-40 international units per kilogram of dry matter, and 15 international units for dairy cows.
4, water-soluble vitamin B group including thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, biotin, niacin, vitamin B12, choline, etc., all play a role in physiological metabolism. However, the rumen microorganisms of cattle can be synthesized. The supply of vitamin B family is usually from cow's milk before the cow's rumen develops normally. Therefore, it should be noticed when warming the cow's milk, generally within 40°C.
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