Lotus, also known as lotus, lotus, hibiscus, lotus root.
Nymphaeaceae perennial aquatic herb. Lotus is one of China's traditional ten famous flowers, and it is one of the main cultivated flowers of urban garden waterscapes. It is deeply loved by its noble qualities of “sludgelessnessâ€. China is the distribution center and cultivation center of the world's lotus. At present, there are two species of Chinese lotus and American yellow lotus in the world. The lotus flower is the world's famous flower. Its variety is very rich in color. There are more than 300 cultivated varieties in the world now. The colors are red, yellow, white, purple, pink, complex color and many intermediate colors. Both the north and south of China are suitable for lotus cultivation.
First, lotus cultivation:
Lotus cultivation includes pond cultivation, pot and cylinder cultivation and submerged cultivation.
1. Pond cultivation
The bottom of the pool should be mud bottom. The average depth difference from the bottom of the pool should not exceed 0.5 meters; the depth of water level requirements, the deepest can not exceed 1.2 meters, the shallowest can not end at 0.2 meters. Water pH is 5-8. Natural ponds may not be fertilized within three years. New ponds shall be treated with 100 kg of organic fertilizer per acre or 30 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. Stir the fertilizer and sediment thoroughly.
First, put the water in the pool. The plant spacing is 1-1 meters. When the plant is planted, the top buds face the south, and when the plant is planted, the top buds face the south, and when the plant is planted, the soil is exposed at the end of the earth. The soil is exposed at the end of the tail joint and the dirt is not exposed to the top buds. The soil is then compacted and the soil is compacted. This species has surfaced. In the initial stage of planting, the irrigation must be shallow, and the root growth should be gradually added with water. The depth should be floated on the surface of the water, and the standard depth can only be filled when the vertical leaves are raised.
2. Pot and cylinder cultivation
According to the species and quantity to be cultivated, appropriate flowerpots should be selected, generally between 45 and 150cm (except for the bowl lotus species). Pots or artificial ponds that have been manually configured are filled into the basin. The pots and soils do not have to be filled and need to be set aside. Sufficient water storage layer, add water and stir into a paste. When planting, use one hand to hold the other end of the appendix section to protect the species of bulbs, so that the plant pods are gently pressed along the edge of the basin at an angle of 15 degrees with the soil in the basin. The tail section exposes the mud surface. If a pot is planted with multiple species, each species must be connected end-to-end and the initial irrigation should be done in the same way as the pond.
3, submerged cultivation
The lotus plants planted in the above method can be submerged into the bottom of the water, and the geometric shape of the pattern can be laid out according to the design requirements. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the level of water level control according to different growth periods. In general, the water level is controlled at 3 in the initial stage of growth. Within 5 centimeters, it is advisable to increase the water level to 30 to 40 centimeters when the leaves are grown. The specific depth should be based on the size of the species.
Second, the management method
1. The lotus belongs to the long-day plant. Ponds and ponds should be set to consider ventilation and sunshine. The growth period of illumination is less than 8 to 10 hours, which may result in less flowering or no flowers. Poorly ventilated conditions are prone to disease.
2. The lotus is a emerged plant. The depth of water should be controlled during each growth period, neither too deep nor dry.
Third, pest and disease control
Diseases: Common diseases of lotus include leaf spot, brown spot, and black spot.
Diseases usually occur during the rainy season, and the south of the Yangtze River is more severe than the north.
Control methods: When the diseased leaves are found to be removed in time, the foliar spray can be performed with 800 times the dexamethasone or thiophanate.
Insect pests: Lotus pests mainly include buds and beetles.
The buds are mainly damaged by the sap of lotus leaf, petiole, and young buds of sucking lotus leaves, and the rate of reproduction is very fast. Once they are found to be controlled in time, 40% of the dimethoate emulsion can be used to spray foliar and petiole 1000 times.
The beetle occurs from June to August, and the beetle mainly harms the leaves and flowers of the lotus. The control method can use the phototaxis characteristics of the adult beetle to carry out light trapping. In addition, water plants should also be removed in a timely manner to remove water cotton (sprayed with 0.3 to 0.5% copper sulfate solution).
Fourth, winter management
The south of the Yangtze River can naturally overwinter, and the north of the Yangtze River should see the thickness of the thickest layer of ice in winter to control the water level. The depth of water can exceed 10 cm above the thickest layer of ice in previous years. Potted lotus flowers are placed in the cold shed before the winter in Beijing and Tianjin, and the cold shed temperature should be controlled between 0-5°C. Before entering the shed, cut the pedicels, petioles and ensure that there is water in the basin for a long time. Pay attention to ventilation at noon on sunny days.
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