1. Energy feed
(1) Corn has high caloric content, low cellulose content, strong adaptability, easy digestion and absorption, high yield, and low price. It is praised as “the king of feedâ€. Among them, yellow corn is rich in carotene and it is a good source of vitamin A, but after storage, the content of vitamin A is reduced by as much as 30%. The dosage in the pigeon's diet can reach 30% to 60%. The proportion available in summer is smaller; the winter ratio can be larger.
(2) Wheat has higher caloric content, more protein and better amino acid composition than other grains. B-vitamins are also relatively abundant, so their relatively high nutritional value is an important feed for pigeons. The amount in the diet is 10%-30%.
(3) Barley has lower caloric content than wheat, and has rich B-vitamins, but its shell is hard and difficult to digest. A small amount of wheat can increase dietary feed and adjust nutrient balance. About 10% can be used in the diet.
(4) The rice contains less calories than corn and wheat, and the protein content is similar to that of wheat. In the South, diets can reach 10% to 20%.
(5) Sorghum contains slightly higher protein content and less caloric content, but the tall grain is small and suitable for feeding pigeons, especially pigeons. The usage is 15% in winter and 35% to 40% in summer.
The above energy feeds are cereal seeds. Their nutritional characteristics are high levels of nitrogen-free extracts, accounting for 70% to 80% of the material, so the calories are high, and their metabolic energy is 8.36 to 14.63 trillion kilograms. Protein content Not high, between 8% and 11%, the protein quality is not good, generally lacks essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine, and tryptophan. For the above-mentioned cereals, rice and barley contain lysine. Also more, 0.55% and 0.52% respectively; lack of calcium, generally less than 0.1%; lack of vitamins A and D, but yellow corn contains a small amount of carotene; B vitamin content is generally still abundant. However, the content of riboflavin can not meet the needs of pigeon growth and development.
2. Protein feed
(1) Vegetal protein feed The plant protein feed is mainly Qiuke seed, such as peas, mung beans, broad beans, soybeans, red beans, adzuki beans, black beans, bamboo beans, pigeon peas, and hemp seeds. Its nutritional characteristics are: protein content is higher than cereals, generally between 20% and 40%, protein quality is good, especially in the lack of lysine and methionine in vegetable protein, and it is used in combination with cereal seeds. Amino acids can complement each other to increase protein utilization in feed. The content of nitrogen-free extracts is lower than that of cereals. Individuals such as Big II and Hemp kernels have higher fat content and are therefore hotter. The amount is lower than that of the real seed. The minerals and vitamins are roughly similar to the cereals, but some of the vitamins B2 and B1 are slightly higher in quality but not superior; the calcium content is slightly higher, but the calcium and phosphorus ratios are not appropriate, and the phosphorus is more than Calcium should not be used.
The proportion of several important plant protein feeds in the diet is as follows: peas are an important source of protein and can be used in 20% to 40%; mung beans have the power of clearing away heat and detoxification, and can be added during the hot summer months. The dosage is usually 5% 8%; Broad bean coarse fibers, larger particles, crushed into small particles, the amount of 10% to 25%; soybean protein is the leader of the plant protein, not only protein content 鬲 (up to 41.7%), and amino acids The composition is reasonable, only slightly owed to methionine, soybean fat content is high, nutritional value is high, the amount can be 2% to 10%, before use, must be high temperature treatment (fried or steamed); hemp seed protein content up to 34 %, dosage up to 3% to 6%.
(2) Animal protein feed This kind of feed is characterized by high protein content and ideal amino acid composition, so it has high biological value, rich in calcium, phosphorus and other minerals, and the proportion is appropriate, easy to digest and absorb; therefore it is a good pigeon The protein supplement feeds. Mainly fish meal, meat meal, silkworm meal, lotus root meal, etc. This type of feed is not currently common, the reason is the traditional habits, in addition, will affect the taste of pigeon meat.
3. Mineral feeds mainly include bone meal, shell powder or clam shell powder, limestone, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, salt, and red iron oxide. Its role is mainly to supplement calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur, iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese and other mineral elements; these substances are particularly important for caged pigeons.
4. Additive feed
(1) Nutritional supplements are used for the purpose of supplementing micronutrients and improving feed nutrient levels and utilization. There are three general categories: amino acid additives. It can improve the amino acid type, quantity and proportion of protein, and increase the biological value of dietary protein. At present, there are two types of lysine and methionine commonly used in China.
Vitamin supplements. At present, China's small and medium-sized pigeon breeding farms mostly use raw grains to feed them; it will inevitably cause some vitamins to be insufficient or lacking, and vitamin supplements can be added to meet the needs. In addition, the pigeons in the transport, transfer group, immunization or external factors disturbed, will produce a stress response, so that pigeons disease resistance decreased, causing disease, can be added by drinking water, a variety of vitamins, to resist stress. Such as fast fill-14, quick fill-20, strong multi-dimensional, multi-vitamins for poultry, vitamin AD powder, cod liver oil and so on.
Trace element additives. For caged or online breeding pigeons vulnerable to the lack of trace elements, should pay attention to supplement.
(2) Non-nutrient additives generally have the following types:
Health promotion additives: including antibiotics and various kinds of medicinal health care (such as sulfa drugs, furan drugs and anthelmintic drugs and Chinese herbal medicine, etc.). The role of these additives is to stimulate the growth of pigeons, improve the use of pigeons on the use of feed and disease prevention and control to protect the healthy growth of pigeons. The method of use can be supplied by drinking water or health sand, or it can be directly administered or injected.
Feed Preservation Additives: Mainly antioxidants and preservatives used for the preservation of formulated feed or health sand. The formulated pellet feed and health sand are large in quantity and cannot be used for a short period of time. Preservatives can be added to prevent mildew and effective addition of components to oxidative destruction, thereby reducing their feed value and nutritional value.
Appetite Enhancement and Quality Improvement Additives: Appetite enhancers use sodium glutamate, certain flavors (such as lemon butter, butyric acid, butyl lactate, ethyl lactate, green onion oil, etc.) and various appetizers (such as Ma Qinzi , betel nut, mustard, fennel oil, etc.) to increase appetite. The main quality improver is the coloring agent, which is used for two purposes: one is to color the feed to stimulate the senses and improve the appetite; the other is to improve the color of the pigeon carcass through the body's absorption of the colorant. Since the acquisition requires the skin of the pigeon to be white or gray, no colorant is required in the feed.
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