The central task of solving the canopy closure is to improve the lighting conditions within the canopy, and to solve the problem that the excessive thickness of the leaf curtain layer causes the lack of illumination of the interior part of the crown, affecting flower bud differentiation and fruit quality. According to the analysis of the causes of canopy closure in different orchards, two aspects, ie, thinning and tree transformation, will be adopted. When the planting density is less than 3-4 meters and 5 meters, thinning should be the main method. However, it is more difficult for the fruit growers to accept thinning. Most of them are tree structure transformations, but this usually results in poor planting of orchards. Tree transformation principle: According to the combination of the growth potential of the scion combination, soil fertility, climate characteristics, planting density and other factors, the light distribution can be adjusted from both vertical and horizontal directions.
The transformation in the vertical direction reduces the diameter of the free-spindle and opens the lines to make the tree thinner and narrower. The specific approach is to raise the trunk, saw the large branch of the base, pull down the main branch of the middle, occupy the position of the original main branch, and then pull the main branch to the original space of the main branch, to further remove the upper dense branch, adjust Density of branches, if necessary, falling head happy. As a whole, the amount of large branches is reduced and the crown is narrowed. This method is suitable for trees of younger age and large branches, which can pull the branches downward, and it is not suitable for branches to be too thick and inconvenient.
The transformation of the horizontal direction will change the spindle shape into a happy shape, change the main branch to a less main branch, change the levels to a few levels, raise the trunk, drop the head, open the floor, and reduce the thickness of the total leaf curtain layer. Specific steps are as follows:
Tree-shaped design and skeleton tree structure after the transformation of the backbone of a happy tree structure, dry 1-1.5 meters high, there are 5-7 main branches, divided into 2-3 layers, the lower main branch can cultivate lateral branches and large fruiting branches, In order to make full use of space, the main branch of the upper layer should not be left with lateral branches. The branch development should be controlled at 1/2 of the lower main branch, forming a "convex" shaped canopy with a small height and a large height. It can also be understood as a layer of half-limbed branches.
Falling head and happy, lowering the main branch of the tree height center saw the branch at a height of 2.5-3 meters, with a growing branch of moderate golden branch as a new center trunk extension to reduce the tree height. When the upper branch is larger, it can be done in one step, otherwise it needs to be carried out step by step. The center retracts lightly, removing the branches growing on the upper branch and making it less viable. When the main branch of the new center is set aside, the main branch is thickened, enlarged, and then dropped.
Raising the main trunk to sparse the branches with lower birth positions is mainly due to the fact that these large branches have been severely overlapped and there is no room for growth. Their lack of light, the quality of the fruit is reduced, and even the formation of flower buds and results are few and have lost economic value. The elimination of these large branches generally does not affect the yield. On the contrary, it can free up the space for the growth of the middle branch and the result of the drooping of the result, and it also facilitates field management.
During the process of transforming the sparse branch, the main branch selected should be determined first, and then the dense branch, overlapping, too large, too strong branch and result branch group should be eliminated to solve the lower illumination. If there are few branches in each main branch and only a few main branches are left, the amount of branches is too small. Temporary branches should be left to make room for additional space. Gradually grow up as the main branches are set aside.
The results of cultivating sagging results in the modification of the branches and branches reduced the number of the branches, and it was necessary to increase the number of branches to supplement the space. The stem height has been increased. The space left by the original lower limbs needs to be put on the upper backbone to put some of the branches on the back and sides and gradually cultivated into large sagging results. The type of group should also have corresponding changes.
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