Vegetables are a necessity for people's lives. The price of vegetables always fluctuates with the seasons. In order to facilitate the rational use of land resources by growers throughout the year, Huinong.com has compiled a schedule and precautions for common vegetable open-air cultivation for reference.
First, the common vegetable open-air planting schedule
1. Radish: It can be planted all year round, but mainly in autumn and winter. The seed germination is suitable for 20-25 degrees, the leaf growth temperature is 15-20 degrees, and the meat growth is suitable for 13-18 degrees. (Winter radish: 8-9 Monthly sowing October-December harvest; Spring radish: late autumn and early winter sowing 2-3 years harvest; summer and autumn radish: spring and summer sowing, summer and autumn harvest)
2, carrot: seed germination temperature of 20-25 degrees, in the autumn cultivation, can be more than 10 days earlier than white radish
3, broccoli: September-11 November sowing
4, Chinese cabbage: according to different varieties can be planted throughout the year, but generally September to October sowing. Cabbage, cabbage: According to the variety, it can be planted all year round.
5, mustard: autumn sowing, growth temperature 15-20 degrees
6, celery: early July - December
7, spinach: 15-20 degrees for growth moderate temperature, autumn broadcast for 8-12 months can be broadcast
8, leeks: also known as tongs, spinach, can be planted or cut in the earliest January or February
9, amaranth: growth temperature 23-27 degrees, 2-10 months sowing, 30-50 days harvest
10, Artemisia selengensis: growth temperature is about 20 degrees, can be cultivated in spring and autumn, but autumn sowing is mainly from late August to October.
11, parsley: growth temperature of 15-20 degrees, can be cultivated in spring and autumn, but the autumn sowing mainly from late August to November sowing
12, tomatoes: mainly in autumn, planted in late August to early September, harvested from November to March
13, eggplant: cultivated in all seasons. Chungan 9-10 sowing, planted in December, harvested from April to June in the next year; summer 2-3 sowing, April-May planting, June-August harvest; Kandelia 3-4 sowing, April-May planting It is harvested from July to November; the winter eggplant is planted in early August, planted in December, and harvested from November to December.
14. Chili: seedlings from December to January of the next year, planting in 2-3 months; seedlings in early August, harvesting from October to February
15. Cucumber: It can be used all year round, but it is most suitable for spring, live in January 12th, and planted in February.
16, raw melon: including watermelon, netted melon, cantaloupe, etc., growth temperature of 25-32 degrees, sowing in late February.
17, gourd melon: growth temperature 20-25 degrees, sow in February
18. Winter melon: live broadcast at the end of February or March; autumn and winter melons are planted before the summer
19, pumpkin: similar to cucumber
20, loofah, bitter melon: 2-3 months spring planting; Xia Zhi planted seedlings in April-May, autumn planting 7-month germination live broadcast
21, edamame: germination suitable temperature 15-20 degrees, growth temperature 20-25 degrees, above 35 degrees or below 14 degrees is easy to fall flowers and clips, is not conducive to growth and development. Seeding according to different varieties, planting at 7-7 months at the latest, harvesting at 9-11.
22, green beans: 1-3 months of spring sowing, 9-10 months autumn broadcast.
23, peas, peas: mid-September-December, November to March next year harvest, if the purpose of harvesting young shoots, sowing in the middle and late August
24, broad beans: growth temperature of 14-16 degrees, sowing in winter
25, cowpea: cultivation in spring, summer and autumn, can be planted from late February to early September
26, potatoes: winter, spring and autumn three seasons cultivation, generally with spring potato seeding, from late September to early February, three times in the first ten days of sowing.
27, ginger: 2-3 months of planting, 7-9 harvesting ginger, from October to February next year continue to harvest ginger.
28, Garlic: The garlic is harvested at 9-11, and the green garlic is broadcast from September to January.
29, leek: 11-12 sowing, planting in March-April
Second, vegetables cultivation matters:
(1), like acid or base:
Some vegetables prefer to grow in acidic soils, while others prefer alkaline soils. Most vegetables prefer ph 6.5-6.8, which is slightly acidic soil.
If you use acidic soil vegetables in alkaline soils, it often leads to pests and diseases. vice versa.
When planting vegetables that prefer alkaline soil, it is necessary to sprinkle some ash or lime powder in the soil, and when planting vegetables that prefer acidic soil, do not sprinkle ash or lime powder.
Vegetables that prefer acidic soil (below ph6) are: potatoes, turnips, sweet potatoes, watermelons, berries (such as strawberries)
Vegetables that prefer alkaline soil (ph7 or higher): broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, carrots, celery, spinach, green onions, onions, lettuce, leeks, asparagus, beets, kale, melon, papaya, okra, etc.
Vegetables that prefer slightly acidic and neutral soil (ph6-7): rapeseed, cucurbitaceae vegetables, tomatoes, white radish, beans, kale, corn, cotton, eggplant, etc.
(2), Xiyin or Xiyang:
Most vegetables belong to Xiyang, so be sure to pay attention to the sunny place.
The most popular vegetables are fruits and vegetables: corn, green peppers, watermelons, pumpkins, tomatoes, eggplants, sesame seeds, sunflowers, etc. Because the fruits need sufficient sunshine to mature, they need at least 8 hours of sunshine a day.
Followed by those root vegetables, such as: potatoes, beets, carrots, white radish, sweet potatoes, yam and the like. They need at least half a day of sunshine. It takes sunshine to make sugar and starch, and it is stored in the roots. Although it also likes sunshine, it is more resistant to yin than other vegetables.
Leafy vegetables are not as demanding on sunshine. Among them, celery, lettuce, sage, and mint are more shades.
(3), wet or drought-tolerant:
The most popular are the vegetables that were originally aquatic plants, such as lotus root, white lotus, steamed bread, spinach, celery and so on.
Followed by melons and vegetables, such as cucumber, loofah, gourd, tomatoes and so on. Because there are many branches and leaves, the fruit contains a lot of water, so the water consumption is large, and the flowering result requires a lot of water, so it is necessary to water more. But unlike aquatic plants, although they like moist soil, they can't stand the roots being soaked in water. Therefore, it should be planted in well-drained soil and pay attention to cover. Among the melons and fruits, pumpkins and watermelons are deeply rooted (up to 2 meters), which is relatively drought-tolerant, as long as some water is poured during the flowering results.
Then followed by leafy vegetables. Leafy vegetables are not drought-tolerant, and if they are too dry, they will become hard and hard to eat.
Root vegetables such as white radish and carrots should not be too wet or too dry.
Beans are more drought-tolerant, but need to be poured more water when flowering results. Peanuts, soybeans, mung beans and other dwarf beans are very drought-tolerant. Because of the more branches and leaves, the vines are not as drought-tolerant as dwarf beans.
Particularly drought-tolerant vegetables are sweet potatoes, yam, sesame seeds, and sunflowers. Among them, sweet potato is the most drought-tolerant. As soon as you start walking the vine, you don't have to water it.
(4) Associated with:
Beans, pumpkins and corns together, beans can use rhizobium to increase nitrogen in the soil, pumpkin can provide good coverage for corn, and corn can provide a support for vines.
Marigold can emit a nematode-killing chemical, so it is a good vegetable for tomatoes and green peppers that are vulnerable to nematodes. The sweet little flowers of dill can attract parasitic wasps, which are natural enemies of cabbage caterpillars, aphids and beetles, so they can be planted with cabbage, cabbage and cucumber.
In addition, onion and garlic can not be combined with legumes, but can be combined with carrots. Tomatoes and potatoes should not be together.
The above is the timetable and precautions for common vegetable cultivation, and I hope to help the growers.
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