There are thousands of kinds of vegetables, among which melon and fruit vegetables are one of the major categories. Melon and fruit vegetables generally include eggplant, cucumber, loofah, bitter gourd, tomato, etc. Let's learn about the cultivation points of melon and fruit vegetables.
.jpg "Technical points for planting management of melon and fruit vegetables")
First, the variety selection
There are many varieties of melon and fruit vegetables. As far as cucumbers are concerned, they can be cultivated in the early spring or in the autumn. Bitter gourd and loofah are generally cultivated early in spring or in summer. Variety selection recommendations are selected according to different cultivation modes. Take cucumber for example. If it is early spring cultivation, it is recommended to use Xianghuang No.3 and Jinyou No.20.
Second, seed disinfection
Before sowing, it is recommended to disinfect the seeds by means of disinfection or warming of the soup, in order to reduce the pathogens of the seeds.
Third, timely sowing
The sowing time should be determined according to the cultivation method. In the early spring cultivation, the small arch shed and the mulch in the greenhouse can be used for early sowing. Generally, cucumbers are germinated and raised in the first month of January; loofah and bitter gourd are germinated in the first month of January. Autumn cucumbers are sown in July.
Fourth, the implementation of rotation
Vegetables cannot be used continuously and advocate rotation. Fruits and vegetables should be rotated for more than 2 years.
5. Preparation before planting
(1) After the harvest of the former crops, timely deep tillage, use cold freezing in winter, or use high-temperature summer soil to reduce soil-borne diseases.
(2) Adopting deep trench narrow box and high ridge cultivation to enable rainwater to be discharged in time to prevent water accumulation. The general compartment is 30 cm deep and the cabin is 80 cm wide. Reasonable close planting, maintaining good ventilation and light transmission conditions.
(3) Heavy application of base fertilizer: The base fertilizer should be applied with more organic fertilizer. 4000 mu of manure and manure per mu, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer. Human and animal excrement must be fully decomposed before use.
(4) Covering the mulch: Early spring cultivation advocates covering the mulch and reducing the occurrence of diseases.
Sixth, management after planting
(1) After vines, it is necessary to hang the vines and tie the vines in time.
(2) Remove the dead leaves, diseased plants and diseased leaves in time, and bring out the vegetable gardens and destroy them.
(3) It is necessary to timely cultivate and weed the mulch without covering the mulch film.
(4) Timely topdressing: The melon vegetables have strong continuous results and high yield. They should be topdressed according to the growth trend. Each harvest should be followed by one fat and the topdressing should be based on compound fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were added in the middle and late stages, and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied to the leaves. Watering during the fruiting period, but with clean water, domestic sewage cannot be used for watering.
(5) Pruning and picking the heart at the right time: The melon is topped when the main vine is 6-7 leaves, and promotes the growth of the side vine; after the result of the side vine, leave 1 fruit and retain 2-3 leaves. Bitter gourd removes the side vines below 1.5 meters.
Seven, pest control
The diseases of melons and vegetables mainly include downy mildew, epidemic diseases, anthracnose diseases and viral diseases. In the early stage of the disease, viral diseases are sprayed with pesticides such as virus A and virus K, once every 7-10 days. Wilt disease is removed immediately after the discovery of the central diseased plant, lime is disinfected in the hole, and roots are irrigated with carbendazim, methyl thiophanate, and carbendazim. Downy mildew, epidemic diseases, anthracnose diseases, etc. are controlled by pesticides such as chlorothalonil, toxic mycelium, killable, and carbendazim.
The melons and vegetables are mainly caused by aphids, spotted flies, yellow squash, black squash, etc., and are controlled by pesticides such as worm, cypermethrin and carbaryl.
Eight, harvest cleaning
Appropriate harvesting and cleaning after listing. Root melon should be picked early. It is forbidden to clean with domestic sewage.
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