Recently, Chinese scientists have brought the gospel to cancer patients around the world.
On November 29th, it was reported that Xu Yuqi, a research team of the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, published their research results in the top international academic journal Nature. . This research is related to cancer immunotherapy, which reveals the degradation mechanism of PD-1 molecules that hinder the normal functioning of the human immune system, and the function of this mechanism in tumor immune response.
In 2018, Japanese scientist Tasuku Honjo was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering PD-1. This molecule is very active in the tumor microenvironment, but the reason for its activeness and how to contain it has not yet been given a reasonable answer.
The team research found that in tumor cells, due to the decreased activity of protein FBXO38, PD-1 molecules develop in a deliberate manner, affecting the normal operation of tumor immune T cells. Interleukin 2 can be contained, allowing the body's tumor immune system to return to normal levels.
At the research conference on the 29th, Li Lin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced the mechanism of action of the PD-1 molecule. He made an analogy. If the human body is a society composed of cells, then the normal cells are citizens, and the tumor cells are The thief, the T cell is the police, and the PD-1 is equivalent to the "narcotics" that affects the police's ability. A part of tumor cells let the T cells "disable" by activating the "anesthetic" PD-1 molecule, thereby rampaging in the human body and developing without restraint.
Why is this "narcotic" activated? Specifically, in normal cells, FBXO38 is highly active and PD-1 is effectively inhibited. In tumor cells, its activity is low, and thus PD-1 is greatly developed, making T cells incapable of fighting tumors.
It is worth mentioning that they found that interleukin 2, which has been used to treat melanoma and kidney cancer, can be used to suppress PD-1. However, due to the relatively large side effects, the team said that in the future, the dosage form and dosage of interleukin 2 can be optimized, and other drugs can be combined to treat cancer.
The research was mainly completed by the research group of Xu Qiqi of the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Ph.D. students Meng Xiangbo and Liu Xiwei were co-first authors. Funding support comes from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Central Organization Department.
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