There are many vegetable farmers in China who grow vegetables. There are not many profitable vegetables. How to grow vegetables can maximize the benefits. Of course, it is to plant high-yield, high-yield and high-quality vegetables. Therefore, the following summarizes the quality of vegetables. Discussion on high-yield cultivation techniques.
1 data method
1.1 General Information
In this study, a vegetable planting base was selected as the research object. The vegetable planting base mainly includes tomato, spinach, celery, green onion, leeks, pepper, eggplant, onion and potato.
1.2 method
Vegetable cultivation is carried out by high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of vegetables. Specific planting techniques include: rational selection of shed film; scientific control of light; timely ventilation measures; effective selection of strong seedlings; emphasis on rational fertilization; active prevention and control of pests and diseases. At the same time, compare the yields of vegetables grown by traditional planting methods in the same period, calculate the yield increase, and evaluate the application effect of high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of vegetables.
1.3 statistical methods
All data of this study were included in the statistical software SPSS22.0 for statistics and processing. When P<0.05, the difference between before and after yield and output value was statistically significant.
2 results
After applying high-quality and high-yield vegetable cultivation techniques, the annual vegetable yield increased by 25% compared with the previous period, and the output value increased by 320,000. The difference between the yield and the output value was statistically significant (P<0.05).
3 Discussion
3.1 Vegetable quality and high yield cultivation techniques
3.1.1 Reasonable choice of greenhouse film
The selection of shed film plays an important role in the process of planting high-quality and high-yield vegetables. It is a key point in the cultivation of high-quality and high-yield vegetables. The quality of shed film selection will directly affect the final planting effect. In general, the selected shed film must meet the requirements of non-toxic, harmless, strong light transmission, good tensile strength, no dripping, long life, good thermal insulation effect, strong production performance, etc., to ensure that the vegetables grown can meet the requirements. The characteristics of pollution ensure the quality and safety of vegetables. The light-transparent shed film can effectively meet the illumination required for vegetable growth, and can increase vegetable yield by 20%~30% compared with common agricultural film. There are two main types of vegetable sheds that are currently selling well: high-insulation non-drip anti-aging film and three-layer co-extrusion non-drip insulation anti-aging film, and the practical application effect is very prominent.
3.1.2 Scientific Control of Light
Illumination is an indispensable element in the process of growing vegetables and growing vegetables, and light is also a direct factor affecting the yield and quality of vegetables. Therefore, scientific control of light is the key to high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for vegetables, and it is necessary to increase efforts in the control of lighting technology. In the light control process, we should pay attention to the sunlight in nature, and actively use artificial light to increase the yield of vegetables. In the winter or early spring, when the temperature is low, in order to ensure the temperature of the vegetable greenhouse, the surface of the greenhouse can be covered with thermal insulation material, which can greatly reduce the natural light intake. In the event of rain or snow, the light is greatly reduced, and the light required to grow the vegetables is required by artificial light filling.
3.1.3 Take ventilation measures
Vegetable growth has high requirements for temperature. If the temperature is too high, it will affect the normal growth of vegetables. It is necessary to control the external temperature within the appropriate temperature range for vegetable growth. The cooling methods commonly used in vegetable greenhouses mainly include ventilation and shading. Under the condition of no ventilation treatment, the shading can reduce the temperature in the greenhouse, and it can be lowered by 4~6 °C under normal conditions. Ventilation is the preferred method to reduce the temperature. In addition to the cooling effect, it can also discharge harmful gases through air circulation, reduce moisture in the shed, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and promote the increase of production. When ventilating measures are taken, vents should be opened in the shelter and the position of the vents should be adjusted according to the needs of vegetable cultivation.
3.1.4 Effective selection of strong seedlings
When planting vegetables, some of them can be planted by sowing, and most vegetables need to be cultivated by means of seedling transplanting, especially vegetables of fruits and fruits. In order to increase yield and planting benefits, it is necessary to pay attention to strong seedlings. s Choice. Try to choose vegetable roots, stems are thick and short, and the knots are tight; the leaves are large and thick, the color is dark green; there is no damage, and the size is even. During the transplanting process, attention should be paid to the use of root-protecting methods to ensure the integrity of the root hair and the early yield of vegetables. When selecting vegetable seeds, remove the poor quality seeds in time, remove the sundries and germs by washing, and control the time and improve the gas permeability during soaking and germination, so as to avoid the phenomenon of boring. In the process of emergence of seedlings and seedling growth, it is necessary to ensure proper temperature, ensure soil permeability, and ensure adequate soil nutrition.
3.1.5 focus on rational fertilization
Fertilization technology is an important part of high-quality and high-yield vegetable cultivation techniques, and vegetable growth must be supported by sufficient fertilizer and nutrients. In actual fertilization, organic fertilizer is the main factor, supplemented by base fertilizer, and attention is paid to the following Problem: During the fertilization process, ventilation should be done to ensure the effect of fertilizer; no chlorine fertilizer should be applied to avoid affecting soil quality; topdressing should be carried out to promote effective growth of vegetables, increase yield and quality; pay attention to the application of trace elements. Adhere to balanced fertilization; combine the choice of time, amount and type of fertilization with vegetable type, soil quality, fertility, and maturity; apply base fertilizer 15d before sowing and planting seedlings, and base fertilizer and top dressing need to avoid using the same fertilizer for a long time.
3.2 Vegetable pest control technology
3.2.1 Agricultural control
Among the high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of vegetables, pest control technology is an indispensable technical method. Only by improving the control effect of pests and diseases can we ensure the quality and yield of vegetables, truly achieve high yield and stability, and ensure the quality and safety of vegetables. Agricultural control technology is an important element in pest control technology. Agricultural control methods mainly include: selecting high-quality, high-yield and strong-resistance vegetable varieties, establishing seed-retaining areas and pest-free diseases in planting bases, and curbing the spread of pests and diseases; vegetable cultivation Implement reasonable farming, rotation and fertilization systems, strengthen field management, regularly clean up vegetable gardens, and rationally choose grafting techniques to control infectious diseases.
3.2.2 Biological control
The biological control method is a green and safe pest control method, which is aimed at pests and pathogenic bacteria. By selecting their natural enemies or inhibiting factors, the pests can be prevented and controlled in a targeted manner, which can effectively improve the treatment effect and ensure the effectiveness. Vegetable quality and safety. In the practical application of biological control, growers first need to choose non-polluting and non-residual drugs to ensure that the effects of drugs can timely deal with vegetable pests and diseases, and play a good preventive role.
3.2.3 Physical control
The application of physical control methods in vegetable cultivation must grasp the following problems: scientific selection of vegetable seeds; rational selection of chemical agents; proper treatment of soil; rational selection and formulation of pests and killings and trapping programs. It should be noted that when using physical control methods to kill pests, vegetables should be prevented from being interfered by pests and diseases. Under normal circumstances, high-pressure pump lamps, sweet and sour traps, bait trapping and other methods can be used. At the same time, it is necessary to comprehensively apply according to the difficulty of pest control.
3.2.4 Chemical control
In the application practice of vegetable pest control technology, chemical control methods have the widest range of applications, and this method has the advantages of quick action and outstanding control effect. However, when applying chemical control methods, it is necessary to rationally control the amount of pesticides used, avoiding the long-term use of the same type of pesticides in large quantities, resulting in resistance to pests and diseases; timely cleaning and disinfecting the planted areas contaminated with pesticides to prevent pesticides from being damaged by pesticides. Strictly follow the pesticide use guidelines for the selection and application of pesticides, avoid pesticide pesticide residues and excessive use of pesticides, ensure the quality and yield of vegetables while controlling pests and diseases, and enhance the application value of high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for vegetables.
The above is all the content today. High-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques have outstanding application value in vegetable cultivation. It can effectively improve vegetable cultivation and cultivation techniques, increase vegetable yield and output value, and promote the sustainable development of vegetable cultivation industry, which is worthy of application and promotion.
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