Autumn and winter seasons are more suitable for eating radish, so there is a saying that winter radish eats ginger in summer. Autumn and winter field radish pests and diseases are less, relatively less serious, so easy to plant and manage. Radishes are eaten in many ways, such as fresh food, cooked food, and can be marinated or used to make other foods for storage. Radish is usually planted in August-September, and can be directly planted in autumn. If the lyrics are good, sprouting and emergence will be very fast. Today we talk about some methods and management techniques when radishes are grown.
I. Selection and preparation
Radish varieties should be selected for disease resistance, high yield, good shape, suitable for local market sales. The fleshy roots of radish are relatively developed, so it is suitable for planting in areas with loose fertility, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and convenient drainage and drainage. Of course, nowadays, it is also necessary to consider the problems of convenient transportation and convenient sales. Convenient zone.
A few days before sowing, try to deeply plow the soil, and apply about 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer, about 15 kg of urea, 30-40 kg of superphosphate, and about 10 kg of potassium sulphate. Then 耙 fine and flat, without leaving large clods, so as not to affect the emergence of seedlings.
Second, sowing and management
Radish should not be planted with alfalfa. It should also avoid planting with cruciferous vegetables to avoid pests and diseases, because it will affect the quality and quality of the radish. It can be planted or sorghum when planting, and the sorghum planting can control the radish meat. Root deformity can improve the water use efficiency of radish and achieve planting methods that save resources and product quality.
The sorghum double row or single row planting can be decided according to the variety that it grows. The round roots have a row spacing of 3-40 cm and a plant spacing of about 20 cm. The long root type has a row spacing of 4-50 cm and a plant spacing of about 3-40 cm. Ditch or acupoints at the time of sowing, 1-2 seeds per site, cover the soil and set aside. When radish is planted, pay attention to ensure the soil moisture, so it is generally planted before the rain. After planting, try to keep the soil moist. If there is drought, it should be watered in time, which can promote germination and emergence.
After the radish is in the seedlings, the two true leaves should be timed and the seedlings should be weak and deformed; the second seedlings should be taken during the time of 5 leaves. This time, the seedlings are also fixed, and the seedlings are guaranteed to be full and strong; Appropriate cultivating, weeding, clearing the soil.
The growth of radish in the early stage is mainly based on base fertilizer. If weak seedlings appear after the seedlings, the growth is not good, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in time. After the seedlings are fixed, try not to catch up with the quick-acting fertilizers, so as to prevent the seedlings from appearing in length and affecting the expansion of the fleshy roots. Although the water requirement is small in the seedling stage, it is necessary to ensure that the soil is moist and not dry. When the roots begin to expand, the urea is applied for about 10 kg per mu, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added at the same time.
When the roots of radish grow vigorously, the amount of water supply should be increased, and the soil moisture should be kept at 70-80% to prevent the occurrence of hollow radish. During this period, when watering, 10 kg of urea can be applied with water, and the micro-fertilizer supplemented with trace elements of the soil can be used to ensure the quality of the radish root.
When the fleshy roots reach the standard commerciality, they should be harvested in time. If the harvest is too late, there may be a hollow phenomenon, or the fiber will increase and the quality will be reduced. If the harvest is too early, the yield will not be up, which will affect the income of the growers. When some of the radish leaves turn green and yellow, and fall off, the fleshy roots are fully inflated and exposed, which is the standard for harvesting!
Third, pest control
aphid
Aphids are pests that harm many crops, and cruciferous vegetables are particularly serious. It breeds fast, occurs for generations, and has serious overlap. It mainly focuses on the tissues of young crops, and is the main pest causing poor growth, deformity and transmission of crops.
It can be sprayed with imidacloprid, acetamiprid, matrine and other agents before the high-risk period or at the beginning of the disease. If necessary, an insect net can also be set up, and a yellow dip board can be placed to prevent and trap.
Downy mildew
Downy mildew is a major disease of radish, which can occur throughout the growth period, and the lower leaves are more morbid and severe. In the early stage, the leaf lesions are water-soaked, and gradually form lesions surrounded by veins. There are gray-white mold layers on the back of the lesions. In severe cases, the leaves die.
Humidity is the cause of the disease, especially in rainy days, the disease is more serious. Therefore, the drainage channel should be set in the field to prevent accumulation of water and humidity. At the same time, high sorghum is used in planting to avoid low mites, and the planting density is reasonably arranged to make the field ventilated and translucent.
Before and after the onset, after the rain, it is necessary to use the zinc-methyl carbaryl, the metalaxyl manganese Zn, the kelu and other agents to prevent and treat them evenly. When the effect is not obvious, it can be used once a week.
The above is about the technical points of radish planting management. No matter what kind of vegetables are planted, we must consider from its selection to its planting points, pest control, etc. Only in this way can we ensure the high yield and high quality of vegetable cultivation.
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