In the cultivation of Red Fuji apples, the fruit-shaped end is an important indicator for realizing the production of high-grade Red Fuji apple. However, due to the characteristics of Red Fuji apple varieties and improper operation in the cultivation of fruit and agriculture, the rate of skew fruit in production is relatively high, mainly manifested in the phenomenon of flattened fruits, skewed fruits, and reduced fruit shape index, resulting in a decline in economic benefits. The reason for the skewed fruit of the Red Fuji apple and its preventive measures are described below:
One, the reason why the fruit is skewed
1. Related to the number and distribution of seeds in the fruit. In general, the number of seeds formed in the fruit and the distribution in the fruit play a decisive role in the development of the apple fruit shape. Because the seed can produce gibberellin to promote fruit growth and development, the more seeds are formed in the fruit, the more evenly distributed in each heart chamber, the lower the probability that the fruit will be skewed; otherwise, the smaller the number of seeds formed, The more uneven the distribution, the higher the probability of forming skewed fruit. Under normal circumstances, the flesh of the fruit with a large number of seeds develops well, and the flesh of the lesser side of the seed develops poorly, resulting in skewed fruit. The amount of seed formation has a direct relationship with the quality of pollination and fertilization. Therefore, strengthening flowering management of fruit trees, improving pollination and fertilization conditions, and increasing the number of seed formation have a very important role in reducing the incidence of skew fruit.
2. It is related to the amount of tree load and the amount of fruit inflorescence. Years of production practice have shown that the skew fruit rate of Red Fuji apples is related to the load of the tree body. The bigger the fruit set, the higher the skewed fruit rate, and the moderate amount of fruit set, the lower skew fruit rate. In addition, for each inflorescence, the more the inflorescence leaves fruit, the lower the fruit shape index and the higher the rate of skewing fruit, while leaving only one fruit per inflorescence, not only a large fruit, but also a high fruit shape index. Formally correct.
3. It is related to the status of the fruit. The state of fruit on the branches is generally divided into three types: the top of the fruit is upward, the top of the fruit is slanted downward, and the top of the fruit is vertically downward. Surveys have shown that the slope of the fruit growing vertically downward from the fruit top is low.
4. It is related to the nutritional status of the tree body. The condition of pollination and fertilization of fruit trees at flowering stage and the level of nutrients stored in the tree directly affect the quantity and quality of pollination and fertilization. If the tree is rich in nutrients, it will be conducive to pollination and fertilization of fruit trees. In addition, from the physiological point of view, the growth and development of Red Fuji apple fruit can be roughly divided into two periods: the period of increasing cell number and the period of increasing cell volume. In the young fruit development stage, the increase in the number of cells is the main factor, and the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is greater in this period. In the middle and late stages of the fruit growth, the increase in the volume of the cells mainly affects the transverse diameter of the fruit. In order to improve fruit shape index, pay attention to fertilizer and water management in young fruit.
5. It is related to improper spraying of plant growth agents. In the use of fruit growth regulators, if the spray concentration is not appropriate, too high or too low, it will not achieve the desired effect, and even have a negative impact. In addition, if the spraying is not uniform, such as uneven on the receptacle, it will lead to skewed imagination of the fruit.
Second, preventive measures
1. Flowering-assisted pollination. When constructing a garden, pollinating trees should be reasonably configured. At the same time, in the flowering period of fruit trees, artificial pollination such as artificial pollination, orchard beekeeping and other artificial measures can be taken to increase the quantity and quality of pollination and fertilization of flowers, ensure the normal growth and development of seeds, and minimize the occurrence of skew fruit from the root.
2. Reasonable load, strict thinning and fruit thinning. For the red Fuji apple trees in full fruit period, a reasonable amount of fruit left is about 2500 kg per mu, and the maximum should not exceed 3000 kg. In the case of guaranteed production, strict thinning and fruit thinning. The principle of thinning and fruit thinning is: the time is earlier, thinning is not as good as sparse flowering, and sparse flowering is better than sparse buds; every 25 to 30 centimeters (about 60 to 70 leaves) leaves an inflorescence, leaving only one down per inflorescence. The fruits grow vertically; try to retain the flowers and fruits on the top buds of the long fruit shoots.
3. Strengthen the cultivation and management of fruit trees. During the growth of fruit trees, it is necessary to apply reasonable irrigation and watering, strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and ensure the normal growth of fruit trees. In particular, early basal fertilization is required in the fall, combined with foliar sprays to increase the storage and nutrient levels of the tree; the pre-management of the orchard is strengthened to ensure the supply of fertilizer and water during the flowering and young fruit stages, enabling normal pollination and fertilization and increasing the number of cell divisions. Not only can the production of skewed fruit be reduced, but also the fruit shape index can be improved.
4. Spray plant growth regulators correctly. In order to change the fruit shape, when using fruit growth regulators such as propaline and high-post elements, it is necessary to spray them in strict accordance with the instructions for use. When spraying, it is necessary not only to pay attention to the concentration of spraying can not be biased, but also pay attention to uniform and comprehensive spray on the flower.
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