Early spring cucumber is actually the cucumber harvested in winter, usually planted in the greenhouse, and become one of the most important products in the greenhouse. The first thing to consider in early spring cucumber cultivation techniques is to select the seeds, and the selection is based on the hybrid first-generation cucumber varieties suitable for local cultivation. The varieties are required to be resistant to low temperature, strong disease resistance, wide adaptability, early maturity, high yield and high quality.
Select the full seed, first soak for about half an hour with warm water of about 40 degrees, then use 10% of carbendazim and 50% methyl thiophanate, add 2 kg of water, soak seeds for 20 minutes, remove and rinse with water; Replay. The amount of seed used is 0.1 kg, and the sowing time is from mid-to-late January to mid-February. The plots that have not been planted with melon crops in recent years are selected as seedbeds, the bed soil is leveled, the bottom water is poured, and the seeds are planted 24 hours later.
Seeds of 0.2 kg per square meter of bed surface, covering soil thickness of 2 cm. In the early stage, the soil is kept moist. Generally, a small amount of water is sprayed once a week, but it cannot be too wet. In the later stage, the water is controlled during the refining. When 2 to 3 true leaves are sprayed with 150-300 mg/kg ethephon, the female flower differentiation is promoted and the internodes are shortened.
Choose a loose and fertile plot of land that has not been planted for 2 years. 5,000 tons of soil and fertilizer, 100 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 100 kilograms of cake fertilizer. A week or so before transplanting, the whole soil was used as a hoe, and the raft was 1 meter wide, and the ditch was 20 cm deep and 50 cm wide. In the middle of March, choose to plant in the sunny afternoon. 2 lines per seed, 2 holes per hole, with a hole distance of 40 cm. 4000 to 5000 plants per mu.
The management of spring cucumber during seedling management mainly includes temperature, humidity and light adjustment.
1, temperature
During the nursery period, the temperature is low temperature season, and the temperature should be managed according to the temperature requirements of the seedlings.
Temperature management in the nursery period pays attention to two key periods. First, sowing to 60%-70% emergence, requiring about 28 °C, mastering higher temperature is conducive to promoting emergence and reducing nutrient consumption; second, cotyledon spread to true leaf exposure The lower temperature should be controlled to control the excessive elongation of the hypocotyl to form a long length to prevent the occurrence of a collapse. Attention should also be paid to the seedlings in the late seedlings to improve the cold resistance of the seedlings and adapt to the environmental conditions after planting.
In addition, attention should be paid to the change of the temperature of the seedbed, because the temperature of the seedling period is closely related to the germination and emergence of cucumber seeds and the growth and development of seedlings. The suitable ground temperature for cucumber seedlings is 25 °C during the day before emergence, 20 °C during the night, 22 °C during the day after emergence, and 18 °C during the night.
In the process of nursery, the ground temperature is affected by the temperature. When the minimum temperature in the seedbed is 10 °C, the 10 cm ground temperature can be maintained above 12-13 °C. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt soil warming measures to maintain the suitable ground temperature for cucumber seedlings. Such as heating the hot line, heating the hot material, heating and heating.
2, lighting
The winter and spring seedlings are in the short-day sunshine and the light intensity is weak, and the formation of photosynthetic products is less likely to appear weak seedlings. Therefore, we should try our best to get the light, try to cover the night as soon as possible, and increase the light time. Keep the film clean and increase the transparency. On cloudy days, the scattered light should be revealed under the permission conditions. After the snow has passed, the snow should be removed in time to reveal the light.
Field management
1. Fertilizer management Cucumber grows fast, and the supply of fertilizer and water should be timely. The fertilization method adopts the principle of “thin fertilizer and diligence†and “small mealsâ€. Generally, the fertilizer is harvested twice. Keep the soil moist throughout the growing season. After entering the melon period, according to the soil water content, water is poured every 1 to 2 weeks, and water is poured once.
2, the temperature control first closed the shed for about 7 days, to promote the survival of the seedlings. Keep the shed temperature for a long time, 20 to 25 degrees during the day and 15 to 18 degrees at night. On sunny days, due to the rising temperature, the film should be ventilated and ventilated. In the rainy days, the shed will be kept warm. By the end of April, the temperature will be stable at 15 degrees or more. Strengthen ventilation and promote seedlings. When the vine grows 30 cm, it starts to truss.
3, the use of hormone greenhouse cucumber flowering due to low temperature, insect activity is less, need to use fruit or 920 spray flower to protect fruit, can also be artificial pollination, improve the early fruit set rate.
4, pest control mainly include downy mildew, blight and powdery mildew. Spray the Bordeaux mixture every 2 weeks from the seedling stage, and irrigate the agent once every 7 to 10 days. Insect pests, such as aphids; can be controlled with high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides.
Harvested spring cucumbers generally start collecting melons about 25 to 30 days after planting, and the harvesting period is about 40 to 60 days. The average mu yield is 3,500 to 4,500 kg. The melon should be harvested at the right time, when the top of the melon strip is rounded from the tip. At this time, the melons have grown up fully, but they are not old, and they are harvested at an appropriate time.
The harvest is too early, the yield is low, although it is tender, but the juice is less, the flavor is poor; the harvest is too late, the skin is thick and hard, the quality is poor, it is not good for sale, and it falls, hindering the growth of other melons. When harvesting, it is necessary to look at the growth of the melon, but also the whole plant growth and sitting.
When picking melons, the roots are still growing, and the roots are still growing. If they are not picked in time, they will affect the growth of the plants. Therefore, it is necessary to pick them up early, not only to mention the morning market, but also to prevent falling. And melon. If the plant is weak and can not afford to lick, the root melon can be thinned out at an early age. If the plant grows vigorously, pick up the melon and pick it up late, so that there is always a medium on it. Small melon, this can prevent the length of the child.
At the peak of the melon, the stems and leaves grow vigorously, and the melons can be fully grown and re-received. In the late stage of melon, the plants are aging, and they are prone to deformed claws. This should be removed early so that the nutrients are concentrated and supplied with normal melons. The melon should be taken in the morning, at which time the quality is crisp. During the process of harvesting and packing, the cucumber should be gently handled, and the melon top flower should be stabbed.
This article URL: Early spring cucumber planting technology: selection of fertilization and pest control methods [Figure]
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