Edamame is a vegetable-cultivated soybean. It is harvested when it is immature. It is eaten with fresh bean granules. It is popular among consumers because of its advantages of large pods, full grain, and tenderness. The use of large and medium shed technology to cultivate early maturing soybeans has high yield, early market and good economic benefits.
Variety selection, sowing date
There are many varieties of edamame varieties. The edamame varieties suitable for large and medium sheds and plastic film mulching cultivation in this area are “special early spring freshâ€, “early spring green beadsâ€, “big grain earlyâ€, “chun green†and “Liaoxian No.1â€. , "95-1" and other new varieties of edible edamame. The varieties belong to the limited pod-type, belonging to the early-maturing variety. The spring growth period is about 80 days, the plant height is 50 cm, and the white flowers are white hair. The pods are 6 to 7 cm long, the pods are wide, and the beans are large. The quality is good, the sweetness of the bean is high, the palatability is good, the taste is good when it is burnt, and the taste of the mouth is good. As the vegetable in the early spring, it is the ideal variety for cultivating the early-maturing soybeans in the large-scale shed.
Sowing date
Large-scale shed cultivation of early-maturing edamame can generally be planted in February and mid-February. However, due to the low temperature in February, large and medium-sized sheds must be covered with plastic film. The seeding method can be carried out by live broadcast or seedling transplanting.
Timely broadcast
The main factor affecting the sowing date of edamame is temperature. When the ground temperature of 5cm deep in the shed reaches 10°C or above, the sowing is more suitable. The cold-tailed warm head should be selected for the sunny sowing. The live broadcast is good for the hole sowing, and the depth requirements are consistent, so that the seedlings are neatly arranged.
Site preparation, fertilization, sowing
Site preparation
The edamame is warm, and it is a short-day plant. The soil quality is not strict. However, in order to obtain higher yields, it is better to choose a neutral soil with deep soil, good drainage and rich organic matter. Sowing in the greenhouse early, the soil moisture should not be too large, otherwise it will be easy to rotten in case of low temperature.
Fertilization
During the seedling stage, the rhizobium has not yet formed, and after the nitrogen content in the seed is exhausted, the seedlings will have a short-term "nitrogen starvation period". Although edamame has a nitrogen fixation effect, proper application of fertilizer can increase the individual and increase the yield. Therefore, 15,000 kg/hm2 of manure and livestock manure should be applied about 1 week before sowing, and 300 kg/hm2 of superphosphate or 375 kg/hm2 of ternary compound fertilizer should be applied. . Plowing and ploughing the ground, making a kneading surface with a width of 100 to 140 cm, and a height of 20 cm.
sowing
The density should be considered when planting, because the density of early-maturing varieties can be appropriately larger. Generally, the hole spacing is controlled at 15-20 cm, the row spacing is 25 cm, 2 to 3 plants per hole, and the seedlings are 270,000 to 300,000 plants/hm2. When planting, the bottom of the hole should be flat, the seed particles should be dispersed, and the covering soil should not be too deep. It is suitable to cover 2~3cm of fine soil, and the seeding amount is 105~112.5kg/hm2. After sowing, cover the entire surface of the mulch with a layer of mulch, and fasten the shed around the shed to warm and moisturize and promote emergence.
Field management
Temperature management
The early stage was mainly to prevent freezing and warming, and to strengthen ventilation and ventilation in the later stage. The greenhouse is required to be detained 1 week before the live broadcast. Immediately after sowing, cover the mulch or cover the shed film. When the seedlings of the seedlings are topped, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of sunny days and timely release the seedlings to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The suitable temperature in the shed before emergence is 15~25 °C; the suitable temperature in the growing season is 20-25 °C; the suitable temperature in the flowering period is 20-28 °C. Therefore, according to the growth characteristics of each period, the shed should be kept warm or ventilated in time. Before mid-March, the shed was mainly ventilated at both ends. In the second half of March, as the outside temperature rises, in addition to ventilation at both ends, one vent is opened every 10m. If there is no strong cold air, the vents may not be closed at night. In mid-April, when the plants enter the flowering and pod-forming stage, the shed film can be removed.
Fertilizer management
Generally, the seedling stage should not be fertilized, and the flowering stage is topdressed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (boron containing) aqueous solution. The spraying time is before 10:00 am or after 16:00 pm, it is best to spray on cloudy days, and spray again every 7 to 10 days. In the period of falling flowering, water was applied with 150 kg/hm2 of urea.
In the water management, it is not suitable to water the seedlings before they are unearthed; the relative humidity in the seedling stage is about 75%, and the excessive drought can be watered in an appropriate amount to promote rooting. The management of water in the dry period of dry flowers should adopt the principle of “wet pods of dried flowersâ€. In mid-April, the plants entered the flowering and pod-forming stage, and the water requirement increased. The water was irrigated according to the weather and soil moisture to keep the soil moist.
Pest Control
Prevention and control of seedling stage blight, large and medium shed edamame due to low temperature and humidity in the shed, combined with the application of unfertilized farmyard manure, it is easy to cause dead and dead seedlings. Therefore, in the seedling shed, the bactericidal bactericidal agent 3000g/hm2 can be used for chemical control. When the edamame is in 4 leaves, it can be sprayed with chlorhexidine and carbendazim. Spray once every 7 days and spray a total of 2 times.
Early-maturing edamame disease is dominated by brown spot disease, which occurs mostly in the stalk and middle and lower leaves. In the later stage, mainly on the pods, small brown spots are formed, which affects the quality of the pods. Planting too dense, poor ventilation and light, easy to onset, in the initial pod period can choose 50% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid or 77% can kill 500 times liquid control, spray 7 times 10 ~ 10d, even spray 2 ~3 times.
The seedling pests mainly include snails and small ground tigers. The snail can be trapped with 6% dense 3.75 ~ 7.5kg / hm2; small tiger can be used to stir the coriander cake with 90% trichlorfon trap or 50% phoxim 1000 times solution.
Harvest at the right time
Generally, large and medium-sized shed edamame enters the harvesting period at the end of April and early May. The edamame is mainly eaten with fresh bean pods, and the early-maturing edamame is expensive in the early word. Therefore, according to the market and variety characteristics, pods should be picked in batches and in the morning, in order to obtain better economic benefits. When the pods turn from dark green to light green, the beans should be harvested in time when they are fully full. If the picking is too late, the beans are hardened, the sugar is reduced, and the quality is lowered. The harvested pods are placed in a cool place to keep them fresh.
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