July and August each year is the most rainy season. In the Huanghuai region, rainfall in these two months generally accounts for 60% to 70% of the annual rainfall, and frequent heavy rains often cause waterlogging in cotton fields, resulting in lodging of cotton plants and excessive soil moisture. Poor ventilation, ground temperature drop, seriously affect the growth and development of cotton, light cotton growth retardation, a large number of Lei Ling bell, slough occurred, production and quality dropped significantly, resulting in serious death of the cotton plant and out of production. In particular, the insect-resistant cotton planted at present is poor in the ability to fight locusts, and it is even more necessary to strengthen the management of ramming cotton fields.
1. Clean up the cotton field drainage system as soon as possible. According to weather forecast, the rainfall in the months of July and August in Huanghuai and Changjiang in the main cotton producing areas in China this year will be 30% to 40% more than normal. Therefore, the drainage system of the cotton field should be carefully repaired before the advent of heavy rain to ensure smooth drainage. After the heavy rain, the accumulated water will be drained on the same day, no guilt will be formed, and large numbers of cotton buds will not fall out due to rain.
2 timely support lodging cotton plants. Loosen the fallen cotton plants in time, and follow up with the roots. Use water to wash off the mud on the stems and leaves. Improper operation of the cotton plant or late planting will cause plant damage and reduce production.
3. Timely cultivating earth. Due to heavy soil compaction in cotton fields, poor ventilation, and low ground temperature, serious impact on root activity, timely cultivation of cultivating soil and promoting root activity to recover as soon as possible. The cultivator must be carried out when the soil is left to dry, and prematurely it will increase the soil consolidation. Due to the reduced ability of the cotton roots to reproduce after being planted, in order to avoid root damage, the cultivator should be shallow and not deep enough, and 3 to 4 cm is appropriate. In combination with cultivating the soil twice, the soil will not only facilitate the growth of the roots, but also prevent the occurrence of lodging again when encountering wind and rain in the future.
4. Strengthen water and fertilizer management. In order to promote the recovery of the cotton-sowing plants as soon as possible, fertilize the leaves once or twice before the cultivator, two times between 5 and 7 days. Can be sprayed with 1% to 2% urea dilution, or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. After the cotton plants resumed growth, the urea was chased at a distance of 13 cm from the cotton plant, and the amount of fertilizer was 6 to 10 kg per mu to meet the rapid growth and development of the cotton plants. Watering in case of drought prompts multi-knot early autumn peaches to make up for previous losses. According to years of experiments in places like Weifang and Liaocheng in Shandong Province, cotton that has been poured into dry and dry water and early autumn drought has 1.2 to 2.26 bolls and a boll weight of 0.12 to 0.25 g, an increase of 19%. ~33.3%.
5. Do a good job of pest control. After the growth of cotton is resumed, there are more new branches and leaves, and more tender, and pests such as cotton aphid, cotton bollworm, blind borer, bridge-building insect, weevils, whiteflies and other pests are often severely damaged. At the same time, due to the high soil moisture, the cotton fields are susceptible to rotten bells. Therefore, we must strengthen pest and disease investigations and do a good job of comprehensive prevention and control. If there are many natural enemies of pests and they can be controlled, they need no pesticide control to minimize the number of chemical defenses. It was found that the rotten bell should be picked up promptly. After drying with 1% ethylene dilute water, it can reduce the loss and effectively control the spread of the disease.
6. Scientific pruning. According to the author's observation, the growth period of glutinous cotton plants is generally delayed by 5-8 days compared with that of normal cotton plants. In order to make up for the lack of early-stage ringing, it can be played in a timely manner for 3 to 5 days.
7. According to local conditions for ripening. Affected cotton fields are generally easy to ripen, and should be used in 20 days before the frost, with 40% ethephon 100-150 ml per acre, plus 50-60 kilograms of fresh water, evenly spraying the bell parts, and the ripening effect is good. According to the author's experiment, bolls can be boiled 7 to 10 days in advance and increase production by 6.4% to 10%.
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