In recent years, due to the continuous expansion of cucumber area in continuous cropping, the development of cucumber root-knot nematode disease has spread faster, and the rate of cucumber seedlings has been increasing, resulting in severe reduction of cucumber yield and quality, which has seriously affected cucumber production. According to the 2005 survey, the incidence of shed dead seedlings in cucumber root-knot nematode disease is generally 20% to 50%, the most serious ruin.
Occurrence
The disease only occurs in the roots, especially in the lateral roots and fibrous roots. The damaged part of the root produces a tumor or root knot of different sizes, which is shaped like a chicken claw. The internal part of the root is seen, and white small pear-shaped females are buried in the diseased tissue. Sparse and fine new roots are often produced on the root nodules or root knots, and then the new roots are swollen with roots. After the onset, the ability of roots to absorb and transport nutrients and water decreased, forming weak seedlings and affecting yield. The aerial part of the severely ill strain showed slow growth, short stature, shallow leaf color, and no firm or poor fruiting. There is plenty of sunshine around noon, and the leaves are wilting, and they can recover in the morning and evening. As the condition worsened, the leaves gradually dried up and the plants died.
Law of occurrence
The pathogen is mainly root-knot nematode, which is called the southern root-knot nematode, and belongs to the plant parasitic nematode. Root-knot nematodes occur 5 to 10 generations a year, with eggs and larvae overwintering in roots or left in soil or manure. The larvae are slender worm-like, adult male and female, male adult linear, dull tail, colorless and transparent, size (1.0 ~ 1.5) mm × (0.03 ~ 0.04) mm, female adult pear shape, each can lay eggs 300 to 800 tablets, buried in the host tissue, the size (0.44 ~ 1.59) mm × (0.26 ~ 0.81) mm, milky white. Under the premise of the presence of pests and diseases, the soil has low salt content, which is suitable for nematode activities, which is conducive to the occurrence of diseases, and is seriously affected by continuous cropping. Nematodes spread by diseased soil, diseased seedlings, and watering. When the soil temperature is between 25 and 30 ° C and the soil water holding capacity is about 40%, the incidence is heavy. It is not resistant to high temperatures and usually dies at about 55 ° C for 5 minutes. The root-knot nematode is aerobic. Any neutral sand with loose soil and loose soil is suitable for the activity of root-knot nematodes. The soil is damp, sticky, and the plated field is not conducive to the activity of root-knot nematodes. The incidence is light, and the incidence of continuous cropping is heavier. The longer the continuous cropping period, the heavier the disease.
Integrated control technology
Agricultural control
1 clean up the countryside. After the harvesting, the roots must be completely removed, and the soil should be taken out of the field for deep burial or burning, avoiding the roots of the disease, or using the soil gasket to make fertilizer.
2 rounds for change. A nematode is generally harmful in the same family, in the same genus or in the neighboring family, and in the neighboring genus. Therefore, it is planned to carry out the rotation of the distant family and the genus for 2 to 3 years, such as the crops with strong resistance to peppers, onions and garlic. Rotation to reduce losses and reduce the number of nematodes in the soil can reduce the role of insects and reduce the damage of the jaw.
3 deep ploughing and drying. Root-knot nematodes are mostly distributed in the topsoil layer of 3~9cm, and deep turning can reduce damage. Deeply ploughing before sowing, deep turning over 20cm, turning the possible nematodes into the depth of the soil can reduce the damage. After the harvest of the upper sorghum, the soil should be irrigated before sowing, especially if the diseased land needs to be turned over, so that the nematodes are exposed to the soil surface and cause death. According to the lethal temperature of the nematode is 55 ° C (5 minutes), the plot of the nematode disease occurs. After the crop is harvested, the soil cover the mulch, and the exposure is about 7 days, even if the temperature of the soil surface reaches 55 ° C, about 1 week. The long time can also kill most nematodes in the upper layers of the soil.
4 promptly remove the sick body. The diseased plants are removed in time, the roots are cleaned, and they are taken out of the shed for deep burial or burning. The septic pits are disinfected with lime to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. It can also be used to kill insects in summer.
5 cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings. Choose disease-free seedlings, nutrient soil seedlings, avoid shed soil seedlings with a history of disease, in order to facilitate the cultivation of disease-free and strong seedlings. 6 reasonable fertilization. Re-application of decomposed organic fertilizer and application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can not only enhance plant resistance, but also increase the natural enemies of nematodes and inhibit the growth and development of nematodes.
Chemical control
1 soil agent treatment. 2 to 3 weeks before sowing or seedling, when the soil moisture is large, the dropping mixture (DD mixture) is applied to the soil layer 15~20cm, and the soil is covered by the soil in time, or by the irrigation method, 15~20L per acre. The dosage is applied and the time of killing is more than one week. It is also possible to use 25kg of crushed tea cake powder and 25kg of lime per acre, and then mix the two and then spread the insects. Before planting, 3 to 5 kg of 3% Miller granules per acre, or 1 to 1.5 kg of 10% gram of granules can be applied to the soil before planting, and then the seedlings are planted with good results.
2 chemical roots control. In the early stage of the disease, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times solution, 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times solution, 250-500 ml per plant. After planting, 1.8% avermectin EC can also be used, 1ml per square meter, 1000 times diluted with root solution 1 to 2 times, interval 10 to 15 days, good control effect.
3 sprinkle control. The control of cucumber root-knot nematode can be carried out by the following non-fumigation nematicides: 2kg of Japanese-made Fuqi multi-granules, 3kg of American-made granules, 3kg of Jiangsu granules, 10% of Yishufeng granules produced by Jiangsu 1.7kg per mu, 5% of Zidan granules produced in Zhejiang, 3kg. These agents are evenly sprinkled into the shed, and then ditched to make cockroaches, the control effect is 64.1% to 81.33%, and there is no side effect on the crop, and the four agents can be used alternately in production. Others are 3% Miller granules, pentachloronitrobenzene wettable powder, 1.5% fungicide, 5% or 10% granules, 3% methyl isoflavone granules, 10% Yishubao granules, nematode net, and nematode have control effects.
The biological control nematode is a pure biological preparation, and there is no residue after application, which is especially suitable for the production of pollution-free cucumber. Each acre can be applied at the seedling stage with 0.5kg of nematode and mixed with nutrient soil. In the adult stage, 1 to 1.5 kg of nematode must be mixed with appropriate manure or dry fine soil per acre and then applied to the soil. The control effect is good.
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