First, the basic concept of animal surgery
Animal Surgery: Blood and bloodless surgical procedures are performed on animals with hands and instruments to diagnose and treat animal diseases, and to save the lives of animals to extend the use of animals.
Second, the basic steps of animal surgery
1. Clean up and open the surgical access; it is the main surgery service, which is conducive to the operation of the main operation, but also just right - the position is not correct, the incision is too large or too small is not conducive to the main surgery.
2, the main surgery; is the goal of surgery, there should be a "surgical plan" before the operation.
3, closed surgical incision and wound mouth; after the operation of the incision and wound mouth treatment, some wounds do not have to be closed, such as deep trauma.
Third, the instruments and functions commonly used in animal surgery
Scalpel: Prepare different types of scalpels and scalpels; for cutting skin and organs.
Surgical scissors: Prepare for direct and curved shears; for soft tissue shears and tissue separation.
Surgical sputum: Prepare gingival and dentate sputum; used to hold hard tissues such as skin, fascia, tendon or other vulnerable tissues such as blood vessels, nerves, and mucous membranes.
Hemostasis: Prepare three kinds of straight, curved, and mosquito; use to clamp shallow blood vessels to stop bleeding or separate tissues, tow sutures, etc., or to clamp deep blood vessels or visceral blood vessels or for fine hemostasis and tissue separation.
Syringes: Prepare syringes of different capacities; for supplemental anesthesia or drug injection.
Needle Pliers: Prepare needle holders of different specifications; for suturing dense tissue or deep tissue.
Suture needle: Prepare suture needles of different lengths, thicknesses, curvatures, rounded needles or diamonds; used to suture different tissues.
Suture: Prepare different types of sutures such as silk, gut, and metal wire; used for suturing of different tissues.
Medical monitor: medical monitor for breathing, heartbeat, pulse, blood pressure and temperature; for operational monitoring of surgery.
Medical gas: preparation of medical gases such as oxygen, compressed air, carbon dioxide, etc.; emergency needs for animal experimental surgery.
Fourth, disinfection methods for animal surgery
Disinfection is extremely important to prevent surgical wound infection and ensure wound healing. It can reduce surgical complications and improve the healing effect of surgery, mainly including disinfection of surgical instruments, animal surgical sites, surgical personnel and surgical environment.
1, the disinfection method of the device
Boiling method: This method is suitable for sterilization of metal, glass equipment, suture material or rubber gloves, etc. Generally, the boiling time is 20 to 30 minutes. Note that metal equipment should be placed in boiling water to prevent rust, and glass equipment should be placed in cold water to prevent explosion.
Autoclaving: This method is suitable for the sterilization of cloths, dressings, surgical caps and instruments. The sterilization conditions are 121 degrees Celsius and 15 minutes. Note that the dressing package should be elastic and suitable for removal after cooling.
Chemical disinfection method: The main chemical disinfectant sterilization process is immersed in Sanhe liquid (formaldehyde 20ml + sodium carbonate 15g + stone carbonate 3g + distilled water 1000ml) for 30min; Xinjieer solution (0.1% Xinjieer 1000ml + sodium nitrite 5g) soak for 1h; alcohol solution (70 % alcohol) soaked for 1h; soaked in aqueous solution (3 ~ 5%) for 1h; carbolic acid (3%) soaked for 1h; formalin (2% for suture disinfection) soaked for 30min; alcohol solution (75% mainly For disinfection of sutures) soak for 30min.
2. Disinfection of animal surgical sites
The surgical site treatment of the experimental animals generally includes three steps of hair removal, skin disinfection, and surgical site isolation. The disinfection sequence is: hair removal→2% to wash the surgical site skin and surrounding skin→sterilized gauze dry→70% alcohol degreasing → 5% iodine rubbing → 75% alcohol deiodination → surgical site isolation → surgery.
3. Disinfection of the arm of the operator
The operation process is: warm soapy water cleaning → 0.1% Xin Jie Er or 1% to Su water immersion 3 ~ 5min → dry dry wearing sterile gloves → wear surgical coat, surgical mask.
4, the sterilization of the surgical environment The sterility of the surgical environment is the basic guarantee of the success of the operation, the basic disinfection method: spraying 0.1% Xin Jie Er or 1% to Su water → UV irradiation for 30min.
5. Precautions for animal surgery
1. The anesthetic injection should be slow and uniform, and closely observe the anesthesia index;
2, neck surgery incision should be done in the middle of the front, to minimize bleeding, if bleeding, must stop bleeding in time;
3, the separation of nerves should be meticulous, only use the glass minute hand to avoid the use of metal instruments;
4. During the operation, it is necessary to pay attention to maintaining the natural anatomical position and preventing the relationship between the Jiangjiegou;
5, acute animal surgery must be carried out under drug anesthesia, it is strictly prohibited to use muscle relaxant for animal surgery;
6, treat the experimental animals kindly, do not do barbaric surgery, the acute animals should be sacrificed after the end of the experiment.
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