Herbicide poisoning is a common problem in the use of herbicides in China. The injury in wheat fields is mainly caused by the unreasonable use of herbicides and the residual effects of herbicides on the soil. Herbicides are the weeds of plants that are very close to the crops. Only by selecting suitable pesticides, adopting the correct application methods, and using herbicides to maximize the herbicidal action and guarantee under favorable environmental conditions For the safety of crops, on the contrary, it will produce phytotoxicity to crops. To achieve the following aspects can effectively reduce the occurrence of injury.
Eliminating counterfeit and substandard products. When a farmer friend chooses to purchase pharmaceuticals, he should purchase products that have obtained "three certificates," and eliminate the unsafe factors of herbicides from the source.
Strengthen herbicide testing, demonstration, and extension work. For the newly commercialized pharmaceuticals, the three-step principle of “trial, demonstration, and promotion†should be followed. Due to the large differences in natural conditions, ecological conditions, and cropping systems between different regions, safe herbicides in one area may cause phytotoxicity to wheat in another area. Therefore, newly developed herbicides should be multi-site trials to clarify the application period, appropriate dose, safety of different crop varieties and other key drug technologies in different regions and different ecological conditions.
Use herbicides rationally. Different temperatures, humidity, soil quality, soil organic matter content, soil pH, etc. are closely related to efficacy and phytotoxicity. Different ecological types and different soil conditions have suitable dosage ranges. Farmers' friends must strictly follow pesticide labels. The herbicides were sprayed during the period and the amount of application, and the pesticides were applied under conditions conducive to exertion of the efficacy. For example, the safe application period of 2,4-D is after the wheat three-leaf stage and before jointing, and it is easy to use phytotoxicity outside the period. The late application of bromoxynil and flufenoxime will cause contact phytotoxicity to wheat. After metsulfuron-methyl, the conditions of low temperature and water accumulation are likely to produce phytotoxicity. Isoproturon will exacerbate phytotoxicity if the wheat seeds and young root shoots are exposed during soil treatment.
The use of high-quality spraying equipment and nozzle types in the medication process, no heavy spraying, no leakage of spray, can prevent or reduce the drift of herbicides; reduction of herbicide application is an effective way to reduce injury. The use of pre-winter decontamination can be used to prolong the herbicide application in the wheat field and the safety interval of the crop after the crop is used; the herbicides that are likely to produce phytotoxicity can be reduced in usage by means of reasonable mixing and adding additives; Agricultural measures to regulate and promote wheat growth have weakened and enhanced the competitiveness of wheat to reduce the use of herbicides. It is also possible to spray liquids on the surface of “target†weeds by using “target-to-target†spraying machinery. Herbicide reduction to achieve the purpose of avoiding injury.
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