Geoduck is native to the North Pacific coast of the United States and Canada. It has the advantages of large individuals, fast growth, delicious taste, and high economic value. At present, the annual production capacity in the United States and Canada ranges from 2,000 tons to 3,000 tons. It is mainly exported to Southeast Asia, and its annual revenue reaches 300-400 million U.S. dollars. Among them, 1,000 tons to 1,200 tons are sold to China each year, with a value of 100 million to 150 million US dollars.
Geoduck is a buried shellfish. The temperature of the living sea area is 3°C-23°C (after 3 years of domestication, the current temperature can be 0°C-25°C. When the water temperature is lower than 25°C, Guangdong can be in winter. And in the spring of the following year, the anti-season cultivation will have a salinity of 27‰-32‰. The inhabiting sediments will be dominated by sand and mud. The depth of water will be 3m to 18m. The depth of burial will depend on the size of the individual, usually 50-80m. Geoduck seedlings are 5 cm to 10 cm in length, and their ability to dig sediments is very strong. Generally, it takes only 5 minutes to sneak in. Shells more than 15 cm long lose their ability to cocoon and sediment, and they live for life. They no longer move.
The first 4 years of geoduck growth is faster. The 1st instar shell is 5 cm to 6 cm long and weighs 36 g to 40 g; the 2nd instar shell is 8 cm to 10 cm long and weighs 200 g to 250 g; the 3rd instar shell is 10 cm long. -12 cm, weight 400 g -500 g; 4 in shell length 12 cm -15 cm, weight 500 g -800 g. With age, the growth of shells is gradually slow, but the growth of soft bodies can still continue, and the life span can reach more than 100 years. The excretion rate of geoduck is as high as 60%-70%, and the main edible part is the water pipe muscle, which accounts for 30%-35% of the total consumption. The calorie content is 81 kcal per 100 g, protein is 14.4 g, and fat is 1.3 g. With high nutritional value.
Geoduck, male and female, each year of the breeding season is generally April - July, the peak period is May - June. Individual egg production amounted to 10 million - 20 million grains, spawning water temperature is 14 °C -17 °C. The egg diameter is 82 μm. After 4 days to 5 days, the fertilized eggs develop D-shaped larvae (120 μm to 130 μm); 10 days to 12 days develop shell larvae (160 μm to 180 μm); about 30 days of larvae Sinking, with metamorphosis, shells up to 350 microns - 400 microns.
Geoduck eats unicellular algae from seawater and can also filter sediments and organic debris. The main predators of geoduck are crabs, starfish, snails and clams. They live in submarine habitats and have strong protection capabilities.
According to investigations, there are many sea areas in the north of China suitable for its growth. Since 1999, seed locusts have been introduced from the United States to conduct artificial seedling production trials and introduced more than 420 species. After 4 days to 5 days of transportation, the survival rate is up to 74%. Using the original shellfish breeding equipment, it is introduced in March-April to promote ripening. After about 20 days of cultivation, eggs can be laid. If warming stimulation is used, the hatching rate can reach 80%-90%.
The roots of the geoduck are better than sand, and after being attached, the juveniles are fed by running water, and the daily feeding amount is gradually increased to 60,000 - 120,000 cells/ml. The larvae develop into single-tube juveniles from 8 days to 10 days ( Shell length 0.6 mm-1 mm); 22 days-23 days develop into double-tube juveniles (shell length 1.4 mm-1.6 mm); 30 days after shell length 2 mm; 40 days shell length 3.5 mm; 60 days shell Up to 8 mm, at this time can be broadcast under the sea seedlings.
Geoduck breeding sea areas should choose inner bays with smooth water flow, small waves, rich bait, and sandy mud bottom. The water depth for breeding can be as low as 10 meters from the low tide line. The temperature of the seabed in winter is not lower than 0°C, and it is not higher than 25°C in summer.
Seeds can be transported in close range from close range and transported long distances. Seeds with 5 mm to 10 mm long shells, 50,000 pieces per plastic bag, 3 liters to 5 liters of water, and oxygenation, sealed and transported in a foam box lasted 14 hours to 16 hours, and the survival rate was 95%.
The culture method of geoduck has been used in the past. The seedlings were planted with 10,000 seeds per bag. After seedlings were raised, they grew rapidly. Seedlings are planted at the end of June. The shell length can reach about 3 cm at the end of August. However, due to enemy invasion, the survival rate of seashell seedlings is low, about 10% after one year, and about 1%-2% after three years. Therefore, since 2001, the use of PVC tube care method to plant geoduck has achieved very good results. After 1 year, the survival rate reached 60%. The average shell length was 4 cm and the weight was 30 g. The method uses a plastic tube (or PVC tube) 10 cm to 20 cm in length and 25 cm to 30 cm in diameter. The seedlings contain 10 to 30 seeds. One end of the tube is buried in the sand and the other end is exposed to a sand surface of 5 cm. Cm, cover the aperture 1 cm of plastic mesh. After 3 months, the seedlings drilled into the sand 10 cm, drilled 20 cm to 25 cm in 6 months, drilled 30 cm to 40 cm in 10 months to 12 months, and began to disperse. The plastic tube can be taken out at this time (can be recycled), and the survival rate is high after the seedlings are protected. When the tube spacing is between 50 cm and 60 cm, 4000 cans can be inserted per acre, raising the seedlings by 40,000-100,000.
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