Nursery and garden
1. Nursery pear seedlings are grown by grafting. The rootstocks that are suitable for the Jianghuai River Basin are mainly Pyrus edulis and Pyrus davidii. In addition, there are wild species of P. mirifica. Du Pui drought resistance
Wet, salt-resistant alkaline soil, Huaibei area more applications, the South can also be used. When pears are used as rootstocks, the fruit is prone to black spot disease. Soybean pears
Drought, and rot resistance, grow well on viscous soils. The provinces south of the Yangtze River Basin are mostly used as rootstocks, but their growth is slow at the seedling stage. Shali wild species moisture,
Heat resistance, weak drought resistance, rapid growth in early seedlings, is a common rootstock in warm and rainy areas in the south. Sowing amount per thousand square meters, 2.3 kg of large seeds
~ 3.0 kg, small seeds 1 kg ~ l. 5 kg. The seeds are sown in spring or inserted after being processed by sand layering. Stratification temperature is maintained from 1C to 5 C, and the number of days accumulated
Generally 50 to 70 days. In addition, Du Pear can also use the root rate as rootstock, planted by a certain spacing, after 2 to 3 years that can be grafted into a garden. Also available
The residual roots of the nursery were raised and the roots were planted.
In recent years, the dwarf, semi-dwarf and half-jobbing type of interstocks S5, S2 and S3 of Chinese pear have been selected for breeding in China.
Pear rootstock seedlings grew slowly in the early period, and when the buds were harvested in the year, they required the rootstocks to have a thickness of at least 0.6 cm. Therefore, the grafting rate was generally lower than that of apples.
. The production of rootstock seedlings can be used to dilute the fertilizing water, appropriate topping and spraying 50ppm (50npm) gibberellin solution and other measures to promote the rootstock seedlings accelerated
Thicken to increase the grafting rate.
In the autumn, grafting was used for bud grafting. If sprouting did not survive, then grafting can be made in the spring of the second year. The buds are made into live seedlings and are carried out between August and September.
Transplanting roots or cutting roots in winter can promote the growth of lateral roots, raise the standard of planting seedlings, and help improve the survival rate of seedlings.
2. There are many varieties of Jianyuan pears, and their adaptation scopes are different. The Jianghuai basin should be selected based on the differences in climatic conditions. In general, Huaibei
The area is suitable for the development of white pear system varieties and pear varieties, and the area south of the Yangtze River basin and its suitable for the development of the Shali system. According to traffic conditions and the city
The demand for the farm is further matched with early, middle and late-maturing varieties. At the same time, according to pollination requirements, choose a good variety of pollination. The ratio of pollinated varieties to main cultivated varieties
It is generally 1: (3 to 8), but also two pollination varieties can be planted at the same time. The main cultivars and pollinators should be able to pollinate each other well.
Seedlings should be defoliated and then planted in autumn. The survival rate of seedlings in autumn is high, the seedling period is short, and the growth is strong in the second year. In case of winter drought and lack of water, Yichun planted.
Planting distance varies depending on the size of the crown. Large crown-shaped varieties, such as pears, white pears, Taiping pears, etc., spacing should be large, (4 ~ 5) meters X (5 ~ 6) meters
Crown-shaped varieties, such as pear, snow pear, Pakistani pear, etc., should (3 ~ 4) m X (5 ~ 6) meters; small crown-shaped varieties, such as Kikusui, late Sanji, Huanghua pear
Etc., the row spacing can be further reduced to (3 ~ 3.5) meters X (~ 5) meters. Pear seedlings with S5, S2 and S3 dwarfing interstock can be reduced to
(2 ~ 3) meters X (3 ~ 4) meters, in order to give full play to the advantages of dense planting premature birth. At the same time, windbreak forests should be constructed in the coastal areas to reduce wind damage.
Baofeng harvest.
Shaping and trimming
1. Plasticity According to the growth habits of the aforementioned pear trees, the evacuation layered tree is used for promotion in production. In the case of main branches, the branching angle is small, and the center is difficult.
In order to configure the upper branch, it is also possible to cultivate a multi-principal, happy-shape tree without leaving the trunk.
When using an evacuated layered tree, the pear cultivars with a small angle of opening and less skillful development may be used, and the first main branch may be appropriately left with one or more at the center.
Retain large auxiliary branches to fully occupy space. At the same time, 2 to 3 main branches can be cultivated, slightly more than the apple tree retains the number of main branches, and the whole tree maintains 6 to 8 main branches.
Depending on the species and tree vigor. The sub-branches should also be properly maintained in order to enlarge the resulting sites as soon as possible. The pear varieties that are easy to copulate and have strong dry stems
The phenomenon of strong weakness, weak strength, and strong external weakness is emphasized. In plastic surgery, special attention must be paid to controlling the superiority and speed of Guangrui of the branches at all levels. Also pay attention to the cultivation of the main branch behind
And on both sides of the new branches, to inhibit the prosperous long.
In the Japanese pear variety with few branches, the main branch should maintain a large opening angle to increase the number of branches. Pulling branches and supporting branches to open main branch angle
, pay attention to avoid chapped. The method of increasing the angle of prolonging the branches by "living outside the buds" should not be adopted on pear varieties with less branches. More parties in production
The law is behind the scenes, and sometimes it takes several turns to open the angle. In view of the large number of results of the pear tree, the main branch is easy to open, so it is generally only required to maintain proper
The opening angle (55 degrees to 60 degrees), and the base corner can be opened. When selecting the bud position of the main branch on the main branch, in addition to paying attention to the distance, the clipping bud
The position of the three buds is left in the direction of the need for branching, and the inward second bud is removed.
In addition to the low number of branches in the pear tree more than suitable for the remaining backbone, the main branch, vice main branch all kinds of extension techniques should not be long for each young shear, otherwise lower
Branchlets are susceptible to premature aging. For the other auxillary shoots, the sapling period should be retained as much as possible so that the transformation can be used and the results can be improved. In the future, the impact on the backbone techn
Excluding or shrinking, control thickening.
The specific shaping technique of evacuation layering can refer to Apple.
When using a multi-branched sticky tree, the stem height is 50 cm to 70 cm, and the main branch is 3 to 4 with a straight upward growth and no central stem. On the main branch and then outward
Branching branches, a total of 3 to 4 layers.
2. Pruning of pruning young pears is not only required to cultivate all kinds of backbone branches in accordance with the requirements of plastic surgery, the remaining branches should be kept sparsely in order to maximize results.
Parts, to overcome the phenomenon of sparse and strong pears and young shoots. At the same time, we actively cultivate large, medium, and small groups of results. Under normal conditions, pear flower buds are easily shaped
to make. When training the results team, the first year leaves 4 to 6 buds (Chinese pears) or 6 to 8 buds (foreign pears) for the growth branches. The second year is strong for the apex branches.
Weak, the latter can form short-branched flower buds. Leave 4 to 6 buds or 6 to 8 buds for the remaining long branches to form a good result. Opposite
For the varieties with strong growth potential and difficult flower buds, it is advisable to adopt the method of cultivating the first and the second. After the shoots are long-distributed, the growth potential is slowed until the flower buds form in the back.
After the retraction or short cut.
After entering the early fruit period, the tree shape has basically taken shape. At this time, the center should be happy to fall head-to-head, control the tree height and improve the upper light conditions. Gradually clean up
All kinds of auxiliary branches.
In order to maintain a stable yield of fruit trees at the fruiting stage, a certain amount of total branches should be maintained per plant or unit area, and long branches should account for 10% to 15%, and
The crown is evenly distributed inside and outside. When there are many fruiting branches on the branch, in addition to proper retraction, fruit branches may be trimmed according to the ratio of the preliminary branch to the resulting branch (2 to 3):1. do
In the Dainian tree, the long and middle fruit shoots are cut and replanted as reserved branches, while lightly cut growth branches promote flowering; young tree trees do not cut fruit branches and make full use of medium and long fruits.
Branches and shoots of shoots of gum flower buds, at the same time, shearing growth branches to promote the growth of new shoots in the coming year and less flower buds, reducing the amount of flowering in the New Year. When the skeleton paste opens
If it is too large, it causes sagging of the branches or the outward movement of the result of the large and medium branches, and when the posterior part is bald, it is necessary to promptly retreat the thin branches and promote the rejuvenation after the suppression.
Maintain the tree vigor and extend fruitful years.
When winter shear is applied to short-fruit branch groups of different cultivars, it is necessary to treat them differently depending on the conditions of fruit branch twigs and their continuous results. Pear short fruit
After the branch results, there are generally 2 back-to-back fruit-tree shoots (ie, fruit-tree branches), which are mostly two. Fruit Taiwan branches can be long or short, but also have no hair. In addition, there are products
The buds at the base of the fruit-producing platform can also be pumped to form branches, resulting in dense clusters of short fruit. When two fruit benches are drawn on the fruit stage, one can be reserved and one is intercepted.
According to the strength of fruit tree branches and the presence or absence of flower buds, the use of cut-off lengths can be shortened, or can be shortened to a length of one level or can be left as weak and strong, so that the results can be alternated to stabilize the yield. Short fruit bunches
The number of branches is not more than 5, and it is not so straightforward that each bud has the same result in the same year. The ratio of buds to buds is 2:3. If the fruit is not on the table, it can be broken or destroyed.
Trim to promote the regeneration of the lower branch. For those who are susceptible to excessive formation of clusters of short-breeding short-breeding groups, they must be carefully trimmed to stay strong and prevent premature aging.
After entering the senescence period, the pods in the pear tree are prone to appetite and can be used to form new canopies and continue to produce results. Lack of appropriate leggy branches, optional backbone
The appropriate parts of the branches are updated, and the branches with appropriate angles should be left under the cutting edge to shorten the length of the branches. The lower branches should be shortened accordingly to improve the length of the branches.
Rejuvenation ability. Pear buds have a long lifespan and a large number of trees. The effect of tree crown renewal is better than that of apple trees.
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