In recent years, we have carried out high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation experiments for different greenhouse vegetables. Among them, the cultivation models for winter and spring radish, spring and summer wolfberry tomatoes, and autumn quinoa have the highest efficiency. The main cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:
Cultivation mode
Winter and spring radish: In December, radish seeds are planted in greenhouses, and 1-2 seeds per hole are planted. Plant spacing is 50 centimeters and 400 centimeters. When the seedlings had 2 leaves and 1 heart, they were seedlings, and 1 seedling was kept in each hole, and harvested in mid-March in the following year.
Tomatoes in spring and summer: seedlings in mid-December, seedlings transplanted in mid-January, and in late March, 6-7 true leaves when planting seedlings will be planted at a spacing of 30 centimeters and 50 centimeters. The market will begin in late May and will be available in mid-July. Harvesting is over.
Autumn Cucumber: Live in the nursery plug in mid-July, and covered the shade net, planted in mid-August, plant spacing 25 cm 55 cm, in mid-October the buckle film, in September, harvested in November.
Variety selection
Winter and spring glutinous radish: select Japanese high quality spring root, Korean root and other cold-resistant, early maturing, high yield, disease-resistant high-quality varieties.
Spring and summer wolfberry tomatoes: use of cooperative 906, Baoda 906, Xia powder and other early-maturing, high yield, disease resistance, resistance to low temperature and low light of powdered fruit varieties.
Qiuyu cucumber; selected Jinyou 1, Jinchun 4, Jinchun 5 and other heat-resistant, disease-resistant, good commercial varieties.
Sowing seedlings
In the spring and summer when the tomato seedlings were nursed, the seedbeds were not planted within three years of the Solanaceae crop. Generally, 300-400 kg of farmyard manure per 10 m2 were planted and 4-5 kg ​​of NPK fertilizer was poured. , Spraying broad spectrum fungicide such as chlorothalonil or carbendazim to disinfect the soil, killing earthworms and other soil pests with insecticides such as poisonous silk benzene, and spreading 3 cm thick nutrient soil on the seedbed (5 parts for nutrient soil). Vegetable garden soil, 3 parts of cooked manure, and 2 parts of wolfberry ash), soaked with water and then sowed, the seeds can be sowed by soaking and priming to whitening. When seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, they are transplanted into a 80 cm 10 cm nutrient bowl. 7-8 days before planting, gradually increase the amount of ventilation inside the shed, and control watering for hardening. During the nursery period, chlorothalonil is used to control damping-off and damping-off during the seedling stage.
During the growing season of cucumber in autumn, it is during the high temperature, typhoon, and rainstorm seasons. Shading nets can be covered with plastic film to shave and cool, and prevent rainstorms to increase the rate of emergence and seedling growth. Seeds can be seeded in plastic trays. The substrate for the seedlings in the trays is made of 5 flints + 1 part perlite. Seedling seedlings age in less than 25 days, with 3-4 true leaves when planting. Good control of aphids and virus diseases during nursery.
Fertilizer management
The three eucalyptus crops have long growth periods and high yields, all requiring one-time application of base fertilizer. Winter and spring pod radish manure compost 2000 kg, compound fertilizer 20 kg base fertilizer. Top-dressing grasps the principle of chasing light and chasing white, recovering from white and re-tracing, and early-stage topdressing is mainly for quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and top-dressing is mainly for potash fertilizer. In terms of water management, the young seedlings will be watered with less water, and the plant will grow vigorously without watering.
In the spring and summer, tomato and autumn quinoa cucumbers are used, and 4,000 kg of farmyard manure per acre and 60 kg of compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. Tomatoes were topdressed once during fruit enlargement and fruiting. Fertilizers were mainly available nitrogen fertilizer supplemented with appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In the early stage of the growth of autumn cucumber, fertilizer was applied one time every other week. As a result, the fruit was harvested once in the later stage and fertilizer was applied once to keep the soil moist.
Temperature management
Winter and spring radish: During the growth of radish, the temperature is relatively low. It is advisable to use a greenhouse shed, a plastic shed under the shed, and a “three membranes and one curtain†cover to cover the wintering. After late February, pay attention to ventilation to prevent the occurrence and spread of cucumber downy mildew.
Tomatoes in the spring and summer: The use of greenhouses and mulch film coverage, warming and heat preservation, to prevent the early cold growth attack. As the temperature rises, it gradually increases ventilation. Prevent the occurrence and spread of early blight and gray mold. Early maturing varieties used single stalk pruning, while mid-late maturing varieties adopted double stalk pruning. In order to prevent physiological drop and fruit drop in low temperature and low light environment, 2,4-D liquid dot flower or tomato spirit spray is commonly used in production.
Autumn sorghum cucumber: cucumber planting after planting, the early temperature is higher, pay attention to cooling, at noon greenhouse covered shade net cooling, so that the temperature is controlled at 25-30 °C. In the middle and late October, as the temperature dropped, the shed was insulated in time. In the mid-November, when the cold weather comes, it should be sealed and protected against freezing in the morning and at night. The cucumbers should be promptly inserted after the vines are thrown, the vines should be put on shelves, and the root melons must be harvested in time to prevent premature aging of the plants.
Lighting management
Grass curtains should be exposed early in the winter sunny days, and the delay time should be extended. The cloudy days should be covered on time to receive as much scattered light as possible. Rain and snow weather should also be properly translucent, and attention should be paid to timely clearing the snow. Coverage should be covered in summer.
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